Evaluation of Respiratory Rate Monitoring Using a Microwave Doppler Sensor Mounted on the Ceiling of an Intensive Care Unit: a Prospective Observational Study

Continuous monitoring of the respiratory rate is crucial in an acute care setting. Contact respiratory monitoring modalities such as capnography and thoracic impedance pneumography are prone to artifacts, causing false alarms. Moreover, their cables can restrict patient behavior or interrupt patient care. A microwave Doppler sensor is a novel non-contact continuous respiratory rate monitor. We compared respiratory rate measurements performed with a microwave Doppler sensor mounted on the ceiling of an intensive care unit with those obtained by conventional methods in conscious and spontaneously breathing patients. Participants' respiratory rate was simultaneously measured by visual counting of chest wall movements for 60 s; a microwave Doppler sensor; capnography, using an oxygen mask; and thoracic impedance pneumography, using electrocardiogram electrodes. Bland-Altman analysis for repeated measures was performed to calculate bias and 95% limits of agreement between the respiratory rate measured by visual counting (reference) and that measured by each of the other methods. Among 52 participants, there were 336 (microwave Doppler sensor), 275 (capnography), and 336 (thoracic impedance pneumography) paired respiratory rate data points. Bias (95% limits of agreement) estimates were as follows: microwave Doppler sensor, 0.3 (- 6.1 to 6.8) breaths per minute (bpm); capnography, - 1.3 (- 8.6 to 6.0) bpm; and thoracic impedance pneumography, 0.1 (- 4.4 to 4.7) bpm. Compared to visual counting, the microwave Doppler sensor showed small bias; however, the limits of agreement were similar to those observed in other conventional methods. Our monitor and the conventional ones are not interchangeable with visual counting.Trial registration number: UMIN000032021, March/30/2018.