The Effect of Spirulina on Type 2 Diabetes: a Systematic Review and Meta-analysis

Overview

Journal J Diabetes Metab Disord

Specialty Endocrinology

Date 2021 Jun 28

PMID 34178867

Citations 7

Authors

Elaheh Hatami

Samira-Sadat Ghalishourani

Ameneh Najafgholizadeh

Makan Pourmasoumi

Amir Hadi

Cain C T Clark

Mostafa Assaroudi

Ammar Salehi-Sahlabadi

Farahnaz Joukar

Fariborz Mansour-Ghanaei

Affiliations

Soon will be listed here.

Abstract

Purpose: The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of spirulina on lipid profiles and glycemic related markers in type 2 diabetes patients.

Methods: PubMed, Scopus, Cochrane Library, ISI Web of Science, and Google Scholar were searched from inception to August 2020. All clinical trials which investigated the effect of spirulina supplementation on glycemic related markers and lipid profile among type 2 diabetes patients were included. Random effects modeling was utilized for pooling analysis to compensate for the between-study heterogeneity

Results: Eight studies (9 arms) were included in the meta-analysis. We found a significant reduction in fasting blood glucose (-17.88 mg/dl; 95% CI: -26.99, -8.78; : 25%), triglyceride (-30.99 mg/dl; 95% CI: -45.20, -16.77; : 50%), total-cholesterol (-18.47 mg/dl; 95% CI: -33.54, -3.39; : 73%), LDL-C (-20.04 mg/dl; 95% CI: -34.06, -6.02; : 75%), VLDL (-6.96 mg/dl; 95% CI: -9.71, -4.22; : 33%), in addition to a significant increase in HDL-C (-6.96 mg/dl; 95% CI: -9.71, -4.22; : 33%), after spirulina administration. No significant effect was observed on HbA1C or post prandial blood sugar following spirulina consumption.

Conclusion: The present study suggests that spirulina supplementation can elicit beneficial effects on fasting blood glucose and blood lipid profiles.

Supplementary Information: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s40200-021-00760-z.

Citing Articles

High-intensity interval training, but not Spirulina supplementation, changes muscle regeneration signaling proteins in aged rats with obesity and diabetes.

Askari R, Azarniveh M, Haghighi A, Shahrabadi H, Gentil P Eur J Transl Myol. 2024; 34(4.

PMID: 39382318 PMC: 11726307. DOI: 10.4081/ejtm.2024.12761.

Algae-Derived Natural Products in Diabetes and Its Complications-Current Advances and Future Prospects.

Pereira L, Valado A Life (Basel). 2023; 13(9).

PMID: 37763235 PMC: 10533039. DOI: 10.3390/life13091831.

The effect of spirulina sauce on glycemic index, lipid profile, and oxidative stress in type 2 diabetic patients: A randomized double-blind clinical trial.

Rezaiyan M, Sasani N, Kazemi A, Mohsenpour M, Babajafari S, Mazloomi S Food Sci Nutr. 2023; 11(9):5199-5208.

PMID: 37701187 PMC: 10494644. DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.3479.

Myths and beliefs about insulin therapy in patients with diabetes mellitus and their family caregivers from a hospital in northern Peru, 2020.

Vera Ubillus J, Loayza Enriquez B, Guarniz Lozano R, Leon Jimenez F Rev Peru Med Exp Salud Publica. 2023; 40(1):42-50.

PMID: 37377235 PMC: 10953673. DOI: 10.17843/rpmesp.2023.401.12210.

Lipid-Lowering Nutraceuticals for an Integrative Approach to Dyslipidemia.

Cheung B, Sikand G, Dineen E, Malik S, Barseghian El-Farra A J Clin Med. 2023; 12(10).

PMID: 37240523 PMC: 10219430. DOI: 10.3390/jcm12103414.

References

DerSimonian R, Laird N . Meta-analysis in clinical trials. Control Clin Trials. 1986; 7(3):177-88. DOI: 10.1016/0197-2456(86)90046-2. View

Karkos P, Leong S, Karkos C, Sivaji N, Assimakopoulos D . Spirulina in clinical practice: evidence-based human applications. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med. 2008; 2011:531053. PMC: 3136577. DOI: 10.1093/ecam/nen058. View

Serban M, Sahebkar A, Dragan S, Stoichescu-Hogea G, Ursoniu S, Andrica F . A systematic review and meta-analysis of the impact of Spirulina supplementation on plasma lipid concentrations. Clin Nutr. 2015; 35(4):842-51. DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2015.09.007. View

Oh T, Moon J, Choi S, Lim S, Park K, Cho N . Body-Weight Fluctuation and Incident Diabetes Mellitus, Cardiovascular Disease, and Mortality: A 16-Year Prospective Cohort Study. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2018; 104(3):639-646. DOI: 10.1210/jc.2018-01239. View

van den Driessche J, Plat J, Konings M, Mensink R . Effects of spirulina and wakame consumption on intestinal cholesterol absorption and serum lipid concentrations in non-hypercholesterolemic adult men and women. Eur J Nutr. 2019; 59(5):2229-2236. PMC: 7351869. DOI: 10.1007/s00394-019-02073-7. View

Strain W, Paldanius P . Diabetes, cardiovascular disease and the microcirculation. Cardiovasc Diabetol. 2018; 17(1):57. PMC: 5905152. DOI: 10.1186/s12933-018-0703-2. View

Egger M, Davey Smith G, Schneider M, Minder C . Bias in meta-analysis detected by a simple, graphical test. BMJ. 1997; 315(7109):629-34. PMC: 2127453. DOI: 10.1136/bmj.315.7109.629. View

Hadi A, Pourmasoumi M, Najafgholizadeh A, Kafeshani M, Sahebkar A . Effect of purslane on blood lipids and glucose: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Phytother Res. 2018; 33(1):3-12. DOI: 10.1002/ptr.6203. View

Hannan J, Ansari P, Azam S, Flatt P, Abdel Wahab Y . Effects of on insulin secretion, dipeptidyl peptidase IV activity and both carbohydrate digestion and absorption indicate potential as an adjunctive therapy for diabetes. Br J Nutr. 2020; 124(10):1021-1034. PMC: 7547908. DOI: 10.1017/S0007114520002111. View

10.

Higgins J, Altman D, Gotzsche P, Juni P, Moher D, Oxman A . The Cochrane Collaboration's tool for assessing risk of bias in randomised trials. BMJ. 2011; 343:d5928. PMC: 3196245. DOI: 10.1136/bmj.d5928. View

11.

Wells M, Potin P, Craigie J, Raven J, Merchant S, Helliwell K . Algae as nutritional and functional food sources: revisiting our understanding. J Appl Phycol. 2017; 29(2):949-982. PMC: 5387034. DOI: 10.1007/s10811-016-0974-5. View

12.

Banerjee M, Khursheed R, Kumar Yadav A, Singh S, Gulati M, Pandey D . A Systematic Review on Synthetic Drugs and Phytopharmaceuticals Used to Manage Diabetes. Curr Diabetes Rev. 2019; 16(4):340-356. DOI: 10.2174/1573399815666190822165141. View

13.

Taylor S . The High Cost of Diabetes Drugs: Disparate Impact on the Most Vulnerable Patients. Diabetes Care. 2020; 43(10):2330-2332. PMC: 8051261. DOI: 10.2337/dci20-0039. View

14.

Oguntibeju O . Type 2 diabetes mellitus, oxidative stress and inflammation: examining the links. Int J Physiol Pathophysiol Pharmacol. 2019; 11(3):45-63. PMC: 6628012. View

15.

Gemma C, Mesches M, Sepesi B, Choo K, Holmes D, Bickford P . Diets enriched in foods with high antioxidant activity reverse age-induced decreases in cerebellar beta-adrenergic function and increases in proinflammatory cytokines. J Neurosci. 2002; 22(14):6114-20. PMC: 6757915. DOI: 20026622. View

16.

Moher D, Liberati A, Tetzlaff J, Altman D . Preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses: the PRISMA statement. Ann Intern Med. 2009; 151(4):264-9, W64. DOI: 10.7326/0003-4819-151-4-200908180-00135. View

17.

Shimobayashi M, Albert V, Woelnerhanssen B, Frei I, Weissenberger D, Meyer-Gerspach A . Insulin resistance causes inflammation in adipose tissue. J Clin Invest. 2018; 128(4):1538-1550. PMC: 5873875. DOI: 10.1172/JCI96139. View

18.

Brito A, Silva A, de Oliveira C, de Souza A, Ferreira P, Souza I . Spirulina platensis prevents oxidative stress and inflammation promoted by strength training in rats: dose-response relation study. Sci Rep. 2020; 10(1):6382. PMC: 7156748. DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-63272-5. View

19.

Wang B, Mu X, Zhao J, Jiang H, Li S, Yan G . Effects of lifestyle interventions on rural patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. World J Diabetes. 2020; 11(6):261-268. PMC: 7284015. DOI: 10.4239/wjd.v11.i6.261. View

20.

Pourmasoumi M, Hadi A, Najafgholizadeh A, Joukar F, Mansour-Ghanaei F . The effects of cranberry on cardiovascular metabolic risk factors: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Clin Nutr. 2019; 39(3):774-788. DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2019.04.003. View