Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors-Related Thyroid Dysfunction: Epidemiology, Clinical Presentation, Possible Pathogenesis, and Management

Overview

Journal Front Endocrinol (Lausanne)

Specialty Endocrinology

Date 2021 Jun 28

PMID 34177799

Citations 19

Authors

Ling Zhan

Hong-Fang Feng

Han-Qing Liu

Lian-Tao Guo

Chuang Chen

Xiao-Li Yao

Sheng-Rong Sun

Affiliations

Soon will be listed here.

Abstract

Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) are a group of drugs employed in the treatment of various types of malignant tumors and improve the therapeutic effect. ICIs blocks negative co-stimulatory molecules, such as programmed cell death gene-1 (PD-1) and its ligand (PD-L1) and cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated antigen-4 (CTLA-4), reactivating the recognition and killing effect of the immune system on tumors. However, the reactivation of the immune system can also lead to the death of normal organs, tissues, and cells, eventually leading to immune-related adverse events (IRAEs). IRAEs involve various organs and tissues and also cause thyroid dysfunction. This article reviews the epidemiology, clinical manifestations, possible pathogenesis, and management of ICIs-related thyroid dysfunction.

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