Retention in Treatment After Emergency Department-Initiated Buprenorphine

Background: Emergency department-initiated buprenorphine (EDIB) has been shown to be effective in connecting patients with opioid use disorder (OUD) to outpatient treatment. Five diverse emergency departments (EDs) have successfully implemented EDIB programs.

Objectives: 1) To measure attendance at the first referral appointment and 30-day retention in treatment rates for patients receiving EDIB; 2) To describe demographic and opioid use characteristics of patients receiving EDIB; and 3) To determine average length of time in treatment after EDIB at the five participating EDs.

Methods: All patients receiving EDIB at the participating EDs (n = 522) were seen by a peer recovery specialist in the ED and demographic and opioid use characteristics were recorded. Patients were followed prospectively. The referral site was contacted and information regarding attendance at the first referral appointment and 30-day retention in treatment was obtained. All patients still in treatment at 30 days were continually followed at subsequent 30-day intervals until the referral site indicated the patient had ended treatment at their facility.

Results: The rate of attendance at the first referral appointment was 77.0% for patients receiving EDIB. At 30-day follow-up, 43.1% of patients were retained in treatment. The mean age of patient enrollment was 36.7 years, 58% of enrollees were male, 90.5% were white, and 73.4% had no medical insurance. Seventy-seven percent reported no substance use other than opioids. The mean time in treatment was 158 days.

Conclusions: EDIB programs across diverse ED settings are effective at promoting attendance at the first referral appointment for OUD treatment; however, additional work is warranted to increase 30-day treatment retention rates, particularly among patients with nonprescription-only use profiles.