Ligaments Associated with Lumbar Intervertebral Foramina. 1. L1 to L4
Overview
Authors
Affiliations
Lumbar intervertebral foramina have been studied by dissection of fetal and adult cadaveric spines. The results show that these foramina are crossed by ligaments which subdivide the opening into smaller compartments for the structures traversing it. At L1-L4, there appears to be a basic pattern of arrangement of the ligaments. The bands are tougher in the upper lumbar region and become steadily thinner caudally. Evidence from the study suggests that these ligaments are probably normal components of the intervertebral foramen. The significance of these findings is discussed.
Transforaminal Ligaments of the Lumbar Spine: A Comprehensive Review.
Umeh R, Fisahn C, Burgess B, Iwanaga J, Moisi M, Oskouian R Cureus. 2019; 8(10):e811.
PMID: 31463168 PMC: 6706257. DOI: 10.7759/cureus.811.
Lumbar foraminal neuropathy: an update on non-surgical management.
Choi Y Korean J Pain. 2019; 32(3):147-159.
PMID: 31257823 PMC: 6615450. DOI: 10.3344/kjp.2019.32.3.147.
A morphological comparison of the extraforaminal ligament between the cervical and thoracic regions.
Nonthasaen P, Nasu H, Kagawa E, Akita K Surg Radiol Anat. 2017; 40(5):571-580.
PMID: 29282503 DOI: 10.1007/s00276-017-1963-3.
Cervical extraforaminal ligaments: an anatomical study.
Arslan M, Acar H, Comert A Surg Radiol Anat. 2017; 39(12):1377-1383.
PMID: 28725916 DOI: 10.1007/s00276-017-1896-x.
Li J, Shi B, Qiu S, Ding Z, Wang L Eur Spine J. 2016; 26(4):1039-1046.
PMID: 27807781 DOI: 10.1007/s00586-016-4823-7.