Multi-epitope-Based Vaccine Designed by Targeting Cytoadherence Proteins of

causes chronic respiratory disease in chickens leading to large economic losses in the poultry industry, and the impacts remain to be a great challenge for a longer period. Among the other approaches, a vaccine targeting the adhesion proteins of would be a promising candidate in controlling the infection. Thus, the present study is aimed to design a multi-epitope vaccine candidate using cytoadhesion proteins of through an advanced immunoinformatics approach. As a result, the multi-epitope vaccine was constructed, which comprised potential T-cell and B-cell binding epitopes with appropriate adjuvants. The designed multi-epitope vaccine represented high antigenicity with viable physiochemical properties. The prospective three-dimensional structure of the epitope was predicted, refined, and validated. The molecular docking analysis of multi-epitope vaccine candidates with the chicken Toll-like receptor-5 predicted effective binding. Furthermore, codon optimization and in silico cloning ensured high expression. Thus, the present finding indicates that the engineered multi-epitope vaccine is structurally stable and can induce a strong immune response. Furthermore, the multi-epitope vaccine is suggested to be a suitable vaccine candidate for the infection due to its effective binding capacity and precise specificity.