Changes in Young Adult Substance Use During COVID-19 As a Function of ACEs, Depression, Prior Substance Use and Resilience

Overview

Journal Subst Abus

Publisher Sage Publications

Specialties Medical Education
Psychiatry

Date 2021 Jun 4

PMID 34086537

Citations 26

Authors

Katelyn F Romm

Brooke Patterson

Natalie D Crawford

Heather Posner

Carly D West

DeEnna Wedding

Kimberly Horn

Carla J Berg

Affiliations

Soon will be listed here.

Abstract

Given the potential for increased substance use during COVID-19, we examined (1) young adults' changes in cigarette, e-cigarette, marijuana, and alcohol use from pre- to during COVID-19; and (2) related risk/protective factors. These findings could inform intervention efforts aimed at curbing increases in substance use during periods of societal stress. We analyzed Wave 3 (W3; September-December 2019) and Wave 4 (W4; March-May 2020) from the ape shop dvertising, lace characteristics and ffects urveillance (VAPES), a 2-year, five-wave longitudinal study of young adults across six metropolitan areas. We examined risk/protective factors (i.e. adverse childhood experiences [ACEs], depressive symptoms, resilience) in relation to changes in past 30-day substance use frequency. In this sample ( = 1084, =24.76, SD = 4.70; 51.8% female; 73.6% White; 12.5% Hispanic), W3/W4 past 30-day use prevalence was: 29.1% cigarettes (19.4% increased/26.4% decreased), 36.5% e-cigarettes (23.2% increased/28.6% decreased), 49.4% marijuana (27.2% increased/21.2% decreased), and 84.8% alcohol (32.9% increased/20.7% decreased). Multivariate regressions indicated that, greater increases were predicted by: for e-cigarettes, greater ACEs; and for alcohol, greater depression. Among those with low resilience, predictors included: for e-cigarettes, greater depression; and for marijuana, greater ACEs. Interventions to reduce substance use during societal stressors should target both risk and protective factors, particularly resilience.

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