Gene Expression and Survival of Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia Cells After Allogeneic Transplant

Background/aim: This study explored the mechanisms of the allogeneic graft versus leukemia effect in acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) cells by examining whether they change gene expression in the post-transplant environment containing cytokines and the immunosuppressant cyclosporine, and if such changes affect ALL cell survival.

Materials And Methods: RNASeq was used to assess leukemia global gene expression and flow cytometry to measure ALL survival in the presence of T cells, NK cells, cytokines, and cyclosporine.

Results: A total of 4,805 genes were differentially expressed. Gene set enrichment analysis demonstrated up-regulation of biological processes related to cytokine responses, control of viral infection, and regulation of leukocyte function including proliferation. Down-regulated genes were related to mesenchymal tissue morphogenesis. ALL cells exposed to cytokines and cyclosporine retained susceptibility to T and NK cell killing, and also exhibited increased cell death without exposure to killer cells.

Conclusion: A significant portion of the graft versus leukemia effect may be mediated by cytokines and cyclosporine.