Novel Compound Heterozygous Mutations in the Gene Cause Macular Corneal Dystrophy in a Han Chinese Family

Background: Macular corneal dystrophy (MCD), a rare autosomal recessive disorder, is caused by pathogenic mutations in the carbohydrate sulfotransferase 6 gene () and is characterized by bilateral progressive stromal clouding and vision loss. Corneal transplantation is often necessary. This study aimed to identify disease-causing mutations in a Han-Chinese MCD patient.

Methods: A 37-year-old female diagnosed with MCD was recruited. The clinical materials were observed and described, and peripheral blood sample was extracted. Whole exome sequencing (WES) and Sanger sequencing were used to reveal genetic defects. The pathogenicity of identified mutations was assessed using analysis.

Results: The patient had typical features of MCD, including decreased vision, multiple irregular gray-white corneal opacities, and corneal thinning. A novel nonsense mutation c.544C>T (p.Gln182Ter) and a validated missense mutation c.631C>G (p.Arg211Gly) were identified in the gene coding region, both classified as "pathogenic" following the American College of Medical Genetics and Genomics standards and guidelines.

Conclusions: This study reports a Han-Chinese MCD patient with a novel nonsense mutation c.544C>T (p.Gln182Ter) and a recurrent missense mutation c.631C>G (p.Arg211Gly), which expand the spectrum of genetic mutations. The results of this study extend genotype-phenotype correlations between the gene mutations and MCD clinical findings, contributing to a more accurate diagnosis and the development of potential gene-targeted MCD therapies.

Keywords: Carbohydrate sulfotransferase 6 gene (); compound heterozygous mutations; Han Chinese family; macular corneal dystrophy (MCD).