Undesirable Status of Prostate Cancer Cells After Intensive Inhibition of AR Signaling: Post-AR Era of CRPC Treatment

Overview

Journal Biomedicines

Specialty Biomedical Engineering

Date 2021 Apr 30

PMID 33921329

Citations 15

Authors

Tomoyuki Makino

Kouji Izumi

Atsushi Mizokami

Affiliations

Soon will be listed here.

Abstract

Recent advances in prostate cancer (PC) research unveiled real androgen receptor (AR) functions in castration-resistant PC (CRPC). Moreover, AR still accelerates PC cell proliferation via the activation of several mechanisms (e.g., mutation, variants, and amplifications in CRPC). New-generation AR signaling-targeted agents, inhibiting extremely the activity of AR, were developed based on these incontrovertible mechanisms of AR-induced CRPC progression. However, long-term administration of AR signaling-targeted agents subsequently induces the major problem that AR (complete)-independent CRPC cells present neither AR nor prostate-specific antigen, including neuroendocrine differentiation as a subtype of AR-independent CRPC. Moreover, there are few treatments effective for AR-independent CRPC with solid evidence. This study focuses on the transformation mechanisms of AR-independent from AR-dependent CRPC cells and potential treatment strategy for AR-independent CRPC and discusses them based on a review of basic and clinical literature.

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