The Insect Type 1 Tyramine Receptors: From Structure to Behavior

Overview

Journal Insects

Specialty Biology

Date 2021 Apr 30

PMID 33915977

Citations 12

Authors

Luca Finetti

Thomas Roeder

Girolamo Calo

Giovanni Bernacchia

Affiliations

Soon will be listed here.

Abstract

Tyramine is a neuroactive compound that acts as neurotransmitter, neuromodulator, and neurohormone in insects. Three G protein-coupled receptors, TAR1-3, are responsible for mediating the intracellular pathway in the complex tyraminergic network. TAR1, the prominent player in this system, was initially classified as an octopamine receptor which can also be activated by tyramine, while it later appeared to be a true tyramine receptor. Even though TAR1 is currently considered as a well-defined tyramine receptor and several insect TAR1s have been characterized, a defined nomenclature is still inconsistent. In the last years, our knowledge on the structural, biochemical, and functional properties of TAR1 has substantially increased. This review summarizes the available information on TAR1 from different insect species in terms of basic structure, its regulation and signal transduction mechanisms, and its distribution and functions in the brain and the periphery. A special focus is given to the TAR1-mediated intracellular signaling pathways as well as to their physiological role in regulating behavioral traits. Therefore, this work aims to correlate, for the first time, the physiological relevance of TAR1 functions with the tyraminergic system in insects. In addition, pharmacological studies have shed light on compounds with insecticidal properties having TAR1 as a target and on the emerging trend in the development of novel strategies for pest control.

Citing Articles

Ca excitability of glia to neuromodulator octopamine in Drosophila living brain is greater than that of neurons.

cerne U, Horvat A, Sanjkovic E, Kozoderc N, Kreft M, Zorec R Acta Physiol (Oxf). 2025; 241(2):e14270.

PMID: 39801347 PMC: 11726276. DOI: 10.1111/apha.14270.

Octopamine is required for successful reproduction in the classical insect model, Rhodnius prolixus.

Leyria J, Orchard I, Lange A PLoS One. 2024; 19(7):e0306611.

PMID: 38995904 PMC: 11244822. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0306611.

Tyramine-Mediated Hyperactivity Modulates the Dietary Habits in Helicoverpa armigera.

Patil Y, Gawari S, Barvkar V, Joshi R J Chem Ecol. 2024; 50(9-10):453-464.

PMID: 38888642 DOI: 10.1007/s10886-024-01515-9.

Octopamine in the mushroom body circuitry for learning and memory.

Selcho M Learn Mem. 2024; 31(5).

PMID: 38862169 PMC: 11199948. DOI: 10.1101/lm.053839.123.

The octopamine receptor OAα1 influences oogenesis and reproductive performance in Rhodnius prolixus.

Finetti L, Orchard I, Lange A PLoS One. 2023; 18(12):e0296463.

PMID: 38157386 PMC: 10756544. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0296463.

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