Molecular Characterization and Antibacterial Activity of Oral Antibiotics and Copper Nanoparticles Against Endodontic Pathogens Commonly Related to Health Care-associated Infections

Overview

Journal Clin Oral Investig

Specialty Dentistry

Date 2021 Apr 25

PMID 33895915

Citations 5

Authors

Fernanda Katherine Sacoto-Figueroa

Helia Magali Bello-Toledo

Gerardo Enrique Gonzalez-Rocha

Luis Luengo Machuca

Celia A Lima

Manuel Melendrez-Castro

Gabriela Alejandra Sanchez-Sanhueza

Affiliations

Soon will be listed here.

Abstract

Objective: To carry out molecular characterization and determine the antibacterial activity of oral antibiotics and copper nanoparticles (Cu-NPs) against endodontic strains isolated from persistent infections.

Materials And Methods: Root canal samples from 24 teeth in different patients with persistent endodontic infections were obtained. The isolated strains were identified by biochemical tests and 16S rDNA sequencing. Genotyping was achieved by molecular methods. The antibacterial activity of antibiotics and copper nanostructures was determined by using minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) values. Furthermore, a time-kill kinetics assay was evaluated. Nonparametric tests (Kruskal-Wallis ANOVA) were performed (p value <0.05).

Results: Twenty-one isolated strains were identified. Six isolates of Enterococcus faecalis were grouped into two clusters of three isolates each, two of which were clones. All were clarithromycin-resistant and erythromycin. Eight Pseudomonas putida presented two clusters, two Pseudomonas spp. were not clonal, and all were resistant to the tested antibiotics except tetracycline. Two of five strains of Cutibacterium acnes were clonal, and all were resistant only to metronidazole. The lowest MIC and MBC values were obtained with Cu-NPs. Time-kill kinetics using Cu-NPs showed a significant decrease in all tested species within 4 h and reached 100% in 2 h for C. acnes.

Conclusion: In this study, in relation to health care-associated infections, endodontic strains of each species isolated at least in one patient were polyclonal. In Pseudomonas spp., at least one clone was shared between patients. E. faecalis and C. acnes strains were susceptible to low Cu-NP concentrations, while Pseudomonas spp. strains were resistant.

Clinical Relevance: Assessing and keeping track of the susceptibility of clinical strains to antimicrobial compounds is important for the clinical outcome. Based on our results, Cu-NPs could be an alternative for endodontic treatment, in order to avoid selection of resistant strains.

Citing Articles

Application of Nanomaterials in Endodontics.

Afkhami F, Chen Y, Walsh L, Peters O, Xu C BME Front. 2024; 5:0043.

PMID: 38711803 PMC: 11070857. DOI: 10.34133/bmef.0043.

Study of the Antibacterial Capacity of a Biomaterial of Zeolites Saturated with Copper Ions (Cu) and Supported with Copper Oxide (CuO) Nanoparticles.

Romero L, Araya N, Palacio D, Sanchez-Sanhueza G, Perez E, Solis F Nanomaterials (Basel). 2023; 13(14).

PMID: 37513151 PMC: 10384100. DOI: 10.3390/nano13142140.

Arc discharge rapid synthesis of engineered copper oxides nano shapes with potent antibacterial activity against multi-drug resistant bacteria.

Elwakil B, Toderas M, El-Khatib M Sci Rep. 2022; 12(1):20209.

PMID: 36424443 PMC: 9691636. DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-24514-w.

Propanediol (and) Caprylic Acid (and) Xylitol as a New Single Topical Active Ingredient against Acne: In Vitro and In Vivo Efficacy Assays.

Mussi L, Baby A, Camargo Junior F, Padovani G, Sufi B, Magalhaes W Molecules. 2021; 26(21).

PMID: 34771112 PMC: 8587458. DOI: 10.3390/molecules26216704.

Antibacterial Activity of Copper Nanoparticles (CuNPs) against a Resistant Calcium Hydroxide Multispecies Endodontic Biofilm.

Rojas B, Soto N, Villalba M, Bello-Toledo H, Melendrez-Castro M, Sanchez-Sanhueza G Nanomaterials (Basel). 2021; 11(9).

PMID: 34578571 PMC: 8465890. DOI: 10.3390/nano11092254.

References

Prestinaci F, Pezzotti P, Pantosti A . Antimicrobial resistance: a global multifaceted phenomenon. Pathog Glob Health. 2015; 109(7):309-18. PMC: 4768623. DOI: 10.1179/2047773215Y.0000000030. View

Aw V . Discuss the role of microorganisms in the aetiology and pathogenesis of periapical disease. Aust Endod J. 2016; 42(2):53-9. DOI: 10.1111/aej.12159. View

Zhang C, Du J, Peng Z . Correlation between Enterococcus faecalis and Persistent Intraradicular Infection Compared with Primary Intraradicular Infection: A Systematic Review. J Endod. 2015; 41(8):1207-13. DOI: 10.1016/j.joen.2015.04.008. View

Borzini L, Condo R, De Dominicis P, Casaglia A, Cerroni L . Root Canal Irrigation: Chemical Agents and Plant Extracts Against . Open Dent J. 2017; 10:692-703. PMC: 5299586. DOI: 10.2174/1874210601610010692. View

Hong B, Lee T, Lim S, Chang S, Park J, Han S . Microbial analysis in primary and persistent endodontic infections by using pyrosequencing. J Endod. 2013; 39(9):1136-40. DOI: 10.1016/j.joen.2013.05.001. View

Tzanetakis G, Azcarate-Peril M, Zachaki S, Panopoulos P, Kontakiotis E, Madianos P . Comparison of Bacterial Community Composition of Primary and Persistent Endodontic Infections Using Pyrosequencing. J Endod. 2015; 41(8):1226-33. PMC: 4578635. DOI: 10.1016/j.joen.2015.03.010. View

Sanchez-Sanhueza G, Bello-Toledo H, Gonzalez-Rocha G, Goncalves A, Valenzuela V, Gallardo-Escarate C . Metagenomic study of bacterial microbiota in persistent endodontic infections using Next-generation sequencing. Int Endod J. 2018; 51(12):1336-1348. DOI: 10.1111/iej.12953. View

Diaz P, Dupuy A, Abusleme L, Reese B, Obergfell C, Choquette L . Using high throughput sequencing to explore the biodiversity in oral bacterial communities. Mol Oral Microbiol. 2012; 27(3):182-201. PMC: 3789374. DOI: 10.1111/j.2041-1014.2012.00642.x. View

Scholz C, Kilian M . The natural history of cutaneous propionibacteria, and reclassification of selected species within the genus Propionibacterium to the proposed novel genera Acidipropionibacterium gen. nov., Cutibacterium gen. nov. and Pseudopropionibacterium gen. nov. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol. 2016; 66(11):4422-4432. DOI: 10.1099/ijsem.0.001367. View

10.

Niazi S, Al Kharusi H, Patel S, Bruce K, Beighton D, Foschi F . Isolation of Propionibacterium acnes among the microbiota of primary endodontic infections with and without intraoral communication. Clin Oral Investig. 2016; 20(8):2149-2160. PMC: 5069318. DOI: 10.1007/s00784-016-1739-x. View

11.

Saeed M, Koller G, Niazi S, Patel S, Mannocci F, Bruce K . Bacterial Contamination of Endodontic Materials before and after Clinical Storage. J Endod. 2017; 43(11):1852-1856. DOI: 10.1016/j.joen.2017.06.036. View

12.

Veloo A, Seme K, Raangs E, Rurenga P, Singadji Z, Wekema-Mulder G . Antibiotic susceptibility profiles of oral pathogens. Int J Antimicrob Agents. 2012; 40(5):450-4. DOI: 10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2012.07.004. View

13.

Gomes B, Jacinto R, Montagner F, Sousa E, Ferraz C . Analysis of the antimicrobial susceptibility of anaerobic bacteria isolated from endodontic infections in Brazil during a period of nine years. J Endod. 2011; 37(8):1058-62. DOI: 10.1016/j.joen.2011.05.015. View

14.

Lewis K . Persister cells. Annu Rev Microbiol. 2010; 64:357-72. DOI: 10.1146/annurev.micro.112408.134306. View

15.

Palma T, Harth-Chu E, Scott J, Stipp R, Boisvert H, Salomao M . Oral cavities of healthy infants harbour high proportions of Streptococcus salivarius strains with phenotypic and genotypic resistance to multiple classes of antibiotics. J Med Microbiol. 2016; 65(12):1456-1464. DOI: 10.1099/jmm.0.000377. View

16.

Shrestha A, Kishen A . Antibacterial Nanoparticles in Endodontics: A Review. J Endod. 2016; 42(10):1417-26. DOI: 10.1016/j.joen.2016.05.021. View

17.

Sedgley C, Lennan S, Clewell D . Prevalence, phenotype and genotype of oral enterococci. Oral Microbiol Immunol. 2004; 19(2):95-101. DOI: 10.1111/j.0902-0055.2004.00122.x. View

18.

Aslam M, Service C . Genetic characterization of spoilage pseudomonads isolated from retail-displayed beef. Lett Appl Microbiol. 2009; 47(3):153-7. DOI: 10.1111/j.1472-765X.2008.02411.x. View

19.

Jungermann G, Burns K, Nandakumar R, Tolba M, Venezia R, Fouad A . Antibiotic resistance in primary and persistent endodontic infections. J Endod. 2011; 37(10):1337-44. PMC: 3176416. DOI: 10.1016/j.joen.2011.06.028. View

20.

Rocas I, Siqueira Jr J . Characterization of microbiota of root canal-treated teeth with posttreatment disease. J Clin Microbiol. 2012; 50(5):1721-4. PMC: 3347098. DOI: 10.1128/JCM.00531-12. View