Complex Effects of Whole Body Cryostimulation on Hematological Markers in Patients with Obesity

Overview

Journal PLoS One

Specialties General Medicine
Science

Date 2021 Apr 22

PMID 33886608

Citations 2

Authors

Joanna Wyrostek

Anna Piotrowska

Olga Czerwinska-Ledwig

Roxana Zuziak

Zbigniew Szygula

Tomasz Cison

Malgorzata Zychowska

Wanda Pilch

Affiliations

Soon will be listed here.

Abstract

Background: Adaptation, including changes in blood properties, to whole-body cryostimulation may depend on many factors, including body mass.

Aim: This study investigates whether hematological parameters change similarly in a group of people with obesity and a group of men with normal body weight after 10 and 20 cryostimulation treatments.

Methods: In our non-randomized trial, the participants were divided into two groups based on their body fat percentage: 14 men with a high (HBF = 29.35%) and 10 with a normal percent of body fat (NBF = 11.40%) and subjected to 20 whole body cryostimulation treatments (-120°C for 2-3 minutes). Blood samples were taken before the first and after the 10th and 20th cryostimulation. The following parameters were determined: red blood cells (RBC), hemoglobin concentration (HGB), hematocrit (HCT), mean corpuscular volume (MCV), mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH), mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC), platelets (PLT), red blood cell distribution width (RDW-SD), mean platelet volume (MPV), white blood cells (WBC), neutrophils (NEUT), lymphocytes (LYMPH), monocytes (MONO), eosinophils (EO) and basophiles (BASO).

Results: Statistically significant differences were found in red blood cells parameters such as RBC, HCT, MCV and MCHC. Time influence was noted for HCT, MCV and MCHC. Two-way ANOVA showed a significant correlation (for time and group) for 2 paramateres: RBC and MCV. For platelet parameters statistically significant differences were found for PLT (group influence) and MPV (time and group interaction). In white blood cells parameters statistically significant differences in levels of LYMPH were noted. Higher levels were observed for HBF group.

Conclusions: All observed changes were within the reference range, but hematological markers changed unevenly in people who are obese and non-obese. Therefore, it appears that an amount of fat tissue could be a factor causing the differences in adaptation to low temperature. It is suggested that 20 whole body cryostimulation sessions restore the state of homeostasis disturbed after 10 sessions.

Trial Registration: ACTRN 12619000524190.

Citing Articles

Whole-Body Cryostimulation in Multiple Sclerosis: A Scoping Review.

Alito A, Fontana J, Franzini Tibaldeo E, Verme F, Pitera P, Miller E J Clin Med. 2024; 13(7).

PMID: 38610768 PMC: 11012586. DOI: 10.3390/jcm13072003.

Different Changes in Adipokines, Lipid Profile, and TNF-Alpha Levels between 10 and 20 Whole Body Cryostimulation Sessions in Individuals with I and II Degrees of Obesity.

Pilch W, Piotrowska A, Wyrostek J, Czerwinska-Ledwig O, Ziemann E, Antosiewicz J Biomedicines. 2022; 10(2).

PMID: 35203477 PMC: 8869184. DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10020269.

References

Pilch W, Wyrostek J, Major P, Zuziak R, Piotrowska A, Czerwinska-Ledwig O . The effect of whole-body cryostimulation on body composition and leukocyte expression of HSPA1A, HSPB1, and CRP in obese men. Cryobiology. 2020; 94:100-106. DOI: 10.1016/j.cryobiol.2020.04.002. View

Lombardi G, Lanteri P, Porcelli S, Mauri C, Colombini A, Grasso D . Hematological profile and martial status in rugby players during whole body cryostimulation. PLoS One. 2013; 8(2):e55803. PMC: 3562235. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0055803. View

Gregor M, Hotamisligil G . Inflammatory mechanisms in obesity. Annu Rev Immunol. 2011; 29:415-45. DOI: 10.1146/annurev-immunol-031210-101322. View

Pilch W, Pokora I, Szygula Z, Palka T, Pilch P, Cison T . Effect of a single finnish sauna session on white blood cell profile and cortisol levels in athletes and non-athletes. J Hum Kinet. 2014; 39:127-35. PMC: 3916915. DOI: 10.2478/hukin-2013-0075. View

Pournot H, Bieuzen F, Louis J, Mounier R, Fillard J, Barbiche E . Time-course of changes in inflammatory response after whole-body cryotherapy multi exposures following severe exercise. PLoS One. 2011; 6(7):e22748. PMC: 3145670. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0022748. View

Zychowska M, Nowak-Zaleska A, Chruscinski G, Zaleski R, Mieszkowski J, Niespodzinski B . Association of High Cardiovascular Fitness and the Rate of Adaptation to Heat Stress. Biomed Res Int. 2018; 2018:1685368. PMC: 5850892. DOI: 10.1155/2018/1685368. View

Pilch W, Wyrostek J, Piotrowska A, Czerwinska-Ledwig O, Zuziak R, Sadowska-Krepa E . Blood pro-oxidant/antioxidant balance in young men with class II obesity after 20 sessions of whole body cryostimulation: a preliminary study. Redox Rep. 2021; 26(1):10-17. PMC: 7891890. DOI: 10.1080/13510002.2021.1881328. View

Ziemann E, Olek R, Grzywacz T, Antosiewicz J, Kujach S, Luszczyk M . Whole-body cryostimulation as an effective method of reducing low-grade inflammation in obese men. J Physiol Sci. 2013; 63(5):333-43. PMC: 3751373. DOI: 10.1007/s12576-013-0269-4. View

Lubkowska A, Dudzinska W, Bryczkowska I, Dolegowska B . Body Composition, Lipid Profile, Adipokine Concentration, and Antioxidant Capacity Changes during Interventions to Treat Overweight with Exercise Programme and Whole-Body Cryostimulation. Oxid Med Cell Longev. 2015; 2015:803197. PMC: 4485500. DOI: 10.1155/2015/803197. View

10.

Wiecek M, Szymura J, Sproull J, Szygula Z . Whole-Body Cryotherapy Is an Effective Method of Reducing Abdominal Obesity in Menopausal Women with Metabolic Syndrome. J Clin Med. 2020; 9(9). PMC: 7563463. DOI: 10.3390/jcm9092797. View

11.

. Obesity: preventing and managing the global epidemic. Report of a WHO consultation. World Health Organ Tech Rep Ser. 2001; 894:i-xii, 1-253. View

12.

Szygula Z, Lubkowska A, Giemza C, Skrzek A, Bryczkowska I, Dolegowska B . Hematological parameters, and hematopoietic growth factors: EPO and IL-3 in response to whole-body cryostimulation (WBC) in military academy students. PLoS One. 2014; 9(4):e93096. PMC: 3973677. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0093096. View

13.

Sutkowy P, Augustynska B, Wozniak A, Rakowski A . Physical exercise combined with whole-body cryotherapy in evaluating the level of lipid peroxidation products and other oxidant stress indicators in kayakers. Oxid Med Cell Longev. 2014; 2014:402631. PMC: 4016901. DOI: 10.1155/2014/402631. View

14.

Gallagher D, Heymsfield S, Heo M, Jebb S, Murgatroyd P, Sakamoto Y . Healthy percentage body fat ranges: an approach for developing guidelines based on body mass index. Am J Clin Nutr. 2000; 72(3):694-701. DOI: 10.1093/ajcn/72.3.694. View

15.

Lubkowska A, Szygula Z, Klimek A, Torii M . Do sessions of cryostimulation have influence on white blood cell count, level of IL6 and total oxidative and antioxidative status in healthy men?. Eur J Appl Physiol. 2009; 109(1):67-72. DOI: 10.1007/s00421-009-1207-2. View

16.

Ziemann E, Olek R, Grzywacz T, Kaczor J, Antosiewicz J, Skrobot W . Whole-body cryostimulation as an effective way of reducing exercise-induced inflammation and blood cholesterol in young men. Eur Cytokine Netw. 2014; 25(1):14-23. DOI: 10.1684/ecn.2014.0349. View

17.

Banffi G, Krajewska M, Melegati G, Patacchini M . Effects of whole-body cryotherapy on haematological values in athletes. Br J Sports Med. 2008; 42(10):858. View

18.

Suresh K, Chandrashekara S . Sample size estimation and power analysis for clinical research studies. J Hum Reprod Sci. 2012; 5(1):7-13. PMC: 3409926. DOI: 10.4103/0974-1208.97779. View

19.

Ziemann E, Olek R, Kujach S, Grzywacz T, Antosiewicz J, Garsztka T . Five-day whole-body cryostimulation, blood inflammatory markers, and performance in high-ranking professional tennis players. J Athl Train. 2012; 47(6):664-72. PMC: 3499891. DOI: 10.4085/1062-6050-47.6.13. View