Elucidating the Biomechanics of Leukocyte Transendothelial Migration by Quantitative Imaging

Overview

Journal Front Cell Dev Biol

Specialty Cell Biology

Date 2021 Apr 15

PMID 33855018

Citations 12

Authors

Amy B Schwartz

Obed A Campos

Ernesto Criado-Hidalgo

Shu Chien

Juan C Del Alamo

Juan C Lasheras

Yi-Ting Yeh

Affiliations

Soon will be listed here.

Abstract

Leukocyte transendothelial migration is crucial for innate immunity and inflammation. Upon tissue damage or infection, leukocytes exit blood vessels by adhering to and probing vascular endothelial cells (VECs), breaching endothelial cell-cell junctions, and transmigrating across the endothelium. Transendothelial migration is a critical rate-limiting step in this process. Thus, leukocytes must quickly identify the most efficient route through VEC monolayers to facilitate a prompt innate immune response. Biomechanics play a decisive role in transendothelial migration, which involves intimate physical contact and force transmission between the leukocytes and the VECs. While quantifying these forces is still challenging, recent advances in imaging, microfabrication, and computation now make it possible to study how cellular forces regulate VEC monolayer integrity, enable efficient pathfinding, and drive leukocyte transmigration. Here we review these recent advances, paying particular attention to leukocyte adhesion to the VEC monolayer, leukocyte probing of endothelial barrier gaps, and transmigration itself. To offer a practical perspective, we will discuss the current views on how biomechanics govern these processes and the force microscopy technologies that have enabled their quantitative analysis, thus contributing to an improved understanding of leukocyte migration in inflammatory diseases.

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