An Evaluation of the Recognised Systemic Inflammatory Biomarkers of Chronic Sub-optimal Inflammation Provides Evidence for Inflammageing (IFA) During Multiple Sclerosis (MS)

Overview

Journal Immun Ageing

Publisher Biomed Central

Specialty Geriatrics

Date 2021 Apr 15

PMID 33853634

Citations 4

Authors

Christopher Bolton

Affiliations

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Abstract

The pathogenesis of the human demyelinating disorder multiple sclerosis (MS) involves the loss of immune tolerance to self-neuroantigens. A deterioration in immune tolerance is linked to inherent immune ageing, or immunosenescence (ISC). Previous work by the author has confirmed the presence of ISC during MS. Moreover, evidence verified a prematurely aged immune system that may change the frequency and profile of MS through an altered decline in immune tolerance. Immune ageing is closely linked to a chronic systemic sub-optimal inflammation, termed inflammageing (IFA), which disrupts the efficiency of immune tolerance by varying the dynamics of ISC that includes accelerated changes to the immune system over time. Therefore, a shifting deterioration in immunological tolerance may evolve during MS through adversely-scheduled effects of IFA on ISC. However, there is, to date, no collective proof of ongoing IFA during MS. The Review addresses the constraint and provides a systematic critique of compelling evidence, through appraisal of IFA-related biomarker studies, to support the occurrence of a sub-optimal inflammation during MS. The findings justify further work to unequivocally demonstrate IFA in MS and provide additional insight into the complex pathology and developing epidemiology of the disease.

Citing Articles

The Impact of Immune System Aging on Infectious Diseases.

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Molecular Mechanisms of Immunosenescene and Inflammaging: Relevance to the Immunopathogenesis and Treatment of Multiple Sclerosis.

Perdaens O, van Pesch V Front Neurol. 2022; 12:811518.

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The Effects of Exercise on Aging-Induced Exaggerated Cytokine Responses: An Interdisciplinary Discussion.

Huntula S, Lalert L, Punsawad C Scientifica (Cairo). 2022; 2022:3619362.

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The Immunological Therapeutic Strategies for Controlling Multiple Sclerosis: Considerations during the COVID-19 Pandemic.

Azimzadeh M, Mohn N, Ezabadi S, Esfandabadi Z, Soleimani A, Ranjbar E Biomolecules. 2021; 11(9).

PMID: 34572585 PMC: 8470206. DOI: 10.3390/biom11091372.

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