Stereotactic Body Radiotherapy for Adenoid Cystic Carcinoma Metastatic to the Lung: a Case Report

Background: Adenoid cystic carcinoma (ACC) is a rare malignant tumor involving mostly the head and neck region, and frequently the salivary glands. The development of lung metastasis after treatment of the primary tumor is a common occurrence in ACC. Although lung metastases show a slow rate of growth, approximately 10% of patients die from distant metastases. The radioresistance of ACC limits the efficacy of conventional radiotherapy for lung metastases, and the optimal dose remains to be determined. Stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT) using CyberKnife can deliver a high dose to the lung tumor, while sparing the surrounding normal lung tissues, leading to favorable local control in non-squamous cell lung cancer and metastatic lung tumors. We report a case of lung metastases from ACC treated successfully with SBRT using CyberKnife.

Case Presentation: A 76-year-old Japanese man with ACC who was treated with carbon ion radiotherapy for a primary oropharynx tumor presented with three metastatic lesions in the lung. The tumor masses were located in the right upper, right lower, and left lower lobes of the lungs. Surgical resection was not indicated because of the presence of multiple tumors. The patient underwent SBRT at 60 Gy in 10 sequential fractions for each tumor. The biologically effective dose based on an alpha/beta ratio of 2 Gy was 240 Gy per tumor. The percentage of the total lung volume irradiated with >20 Gy was 4.9%, 3.2%, and 2.6% for each tumor. The patient developed acute radiation pneumonitis during the initial therapy, which resolved at 6 months after the CyberKnife treatment. At 21 months after the first CyberKnife treatment, three tumors showed no signs of recurrence. No late toxicity was observed.

Conclusions: SBRT using CyberKnife is an effective and feasible approach to the management of multiple lung metastases of ACC.