Phytochemical Analysis and Biological Activities of the Ethanolic Extract of Vahl Flowering Aerial Parts Collected in Central Italy

In this paper, the first phytochemical analysis of the ethanolic extract of Vahl flowering aerial parts collected in Italy and its biological activities were reported. Eleven compounds were identified i.e., α-linolenic acid (), tri-linoleoyl--glycerol (), pheophorbide ethyl ester (), pilloin (), sinensetin (), yuanhuanin (), rutamontine (), syringin (), -coumaric acid (), -anisic acid () and caffeic acid (). To the best of our knowledge, compounds (-, and ) were isolated from for the first time during this work, whereas sinensetin () represents a newly identified component of the entire Thymelaeaceae family. The extract was found to possess radical scavenging against both DPPH and 2,2'-azino-(3-thylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid (ABTS) radicals, with at least a 40-fold higher potency against the latter. Moreover, chelating abilities against both ferrous and ferric ions have been highlighted, thus suggesting a possible indirect antioxidant power of the extract. Although the precise bioactive compounds remain to be discovered, the polyphenolic constituents, including phenolic acids, tannins and flavonoids, seem to contribute to the antioxidant power of the phytocomplex. In addition, the extract produced cytotoxic effects in MDA-MB-231 and U87-MG cancer cell lines, especially at the concentration of 625 μg/mL and after 48-72 h. Further studies are required to clarify the contribution of the identified compounds in the bioactivities of the extract and to support possible future applications.