The Impact of Migration on the Gut Metagenome of South Asian Canadians

Overview

Journal Gut Microbes

Specialties Gastroenterology
Microbiology

Date 2021 Apr 2

PMID 33794735

Citations 14

Authors

Julia K Copeland

Gary Chao

Shelley Vanderhout

Erica Acton

Pauline W Wang

Eric I Benchimol

Ahmed El Sohami

Ken Croitoru

Jennifer L Gommerman

David S Guttman

Affiliations

Soon will be listed here.

Abstract

South Asian (SA) Canadian immigrants have a higher risk of developing certain immune-mediated inflammatory diseases compared to non-migrant SAs. We sought to investigate the effect of migration on the gut metagenome and to identify microbiological associations between migration and conditions that may influence the development of immune-mediated inflammatory diseases. Metagenomic analysis of 58 first-generation (GEN1) SA immigrants and 38 unrelated Canadian born children-of-immigrants (GEN2) determined that the time lived in Canada was associated with continued changes in gut microbial communities. Migration of GEN1 to Canada early in life results in a gut community with similarities to GEN2 SA Canadians and non-SA North Americans. Conversely, GEN1 immigrants who arrived recently to Canada exhibited pronounced differences from GEN2, while displaying microbial similarities to a non-migrating SA cohort. Multivariate analysis identified that community composition was primarily influenced by high abundance taxa. dominated in GEN1 and non-migrant SAs. and functionally related spp. replaced dominance over generations in Canada. Mutually exclusive species occurred at differing relative abundances over time and generations in Canada. This shift in species composition is accompanied by a change in genes associated with carbohydrate utilization and short-chain fatty acid production. Total energy derived from carbohydrates compared to protein consumption was significantly higher for GEN1 recent immigrants, which may influence the functional requirements of the gut community. This study demonstrates the associations between migration and the gut microbiome, which may be further associated with the altered risk of immune-mediated inflammatory diseases observed for SA Canadians.

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