Smoking-Specific Risk Factors in Early Adulthood That Mediate Risk of Daily Smoking by Age 29 for Children with ADHD

Overview

Journal J Atten Disord

Publisher Sage Publications

Specialty Psychiatry

Date 2021 Mar 26

PMID 33769107

Authors

Jessica D Rhodes

Traci M Kennedy

Christine A P Walther

Elizabeth M Gnagy

William E Pelham Jr

Brooke S G Molina

Affiliations

Soon will be listed here.

Abstract

Objective: To test whether smoking-specific risk factors in early adulthood mediate prediction to daily smoking from childhood ADHD.

Methods: Participants were 237 with and 164 without childhood ADHD. A smoking risk profile score comprising smoking-specific factors measured between ages 18 to 25 (e.g., craving severity) and age of initiation was tested as mediator of the association between childhood ADHD and age 29 daily smoking.

Results: Childhood ADHD predicted age 29 smoking (β = -.15, = .019), 35% of ADHD versus 17% of nonADHD, and the profile score (β = -.07, = .004), which in turn mediated prediction to age 29 daily smoking (β = -.03; = .007). When tested individually, three profile variables (# cigarettes/day, difficulty concentrating during abstinence, and nicotine dependence) were significant mediators (s = 0.005-0.038), above and beyond early adult smoking, ADHD persistence, and delinquency.

Conclusions: These behavioral smoking characteristics help explain later daily cigarette smoking for adults with ADHD histories and may need to be targeted in intervention.

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