Lived Experiences of Frontline Workers and Leaders During COVID-19 Outbreaks in Long-term Care: A Qualitative Study

Background: Long-term care facilities across Canada have been disproportionately affected by the COVID-19 pandemic. This study aims to describe the experiences of frontline workers and leaders involved in COVID-19 outbreak management in these facilities, identify best practices, and provide recommendations for improvement.

Methods: This is a qualitative study using key informant, semi-structured interviews. Key informants were defined as individuals with direct experience managing COVID-19 outbreaks in long-term care. Thematic content analysis of interview transcripts identified key themes important for outbreak management.

Results: Twenty-three interviews were conducted with key informants from the following categories: public health, health authority leadership for long-term care, infection prevention and control, long-term care operators, and frontline staff. Eight themes were identified as critical factors for outbreak management on thematic analysis, which included: (1) early identification of cases, (2) the suite of public health interventions implemented, (3) external support and assistance, (4) staff training and education, (5) personal protective equipment use and supply, (6) workplace culture, organizational leadership and management, (7) coordination and communication, and (8) staffing.

Conclusions: Best practices and areas for improvement in outbreak response identified in this study can help to inform policy and practice to reduce the impact of COVID-19 in these settings.