Triple Negative Aggressive Phenotype Controlled by MiR-135b and MiR-365: New Theranostics Candidates

Triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) accounts for about a fifth of all breast cancers and includes a diverse group of cancers. The heterogeneity of TNBC and the lack of target receptors on the cell surface make it difficult to develop specific therapeutic treatments. These aspects cause the high negative prognosis of patients with this type of tumor. The analysis of the molecular profiles of TNBC samples has allowed a better characterization of this tumor, supporting the search for new reliable diagnostic markers. To this end, we have developed a bioinformatic approach to integrate networks of genes differentially expressed in basal breast cancer compared to healthy tissues, with miRNAs able to regulate their expression. We studied the role of these miRNAs in TNBC subtype cell lines. We therefore identified two miRNAs, namely miR-135b and miR-365, with a central role in regulating the altered functional pathways in basal breast cancer. These two miRNAs are differentially expressed in human TNBC immunohistochemistry-selected tissues, and their modulation has been shown to play a role in the proliferation of tumor control and its migratory and invasive capacity in TNBC subtype cell lines. From the perspective of personalized medicine, we managed to modulate the expression of the two miRNAs in organotypic cultures, suggesting their possible use as diagnostic and therapeutic molecules. miR-135b and miR-365 have a key role in TNBC, controlling proliferation and invasion. Their detection could be helpful in TNBC diagnosis, while their modulation could become a new therapeutic tool for TNBC.