Detailed Infestation Spectrums About Biological Stages of Hard Ticks (Acari: Ixodida: Ixodidae) in Humans: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Overview

Journal Acta Parasitol

Specialty Parasitology

Date 2021 Mar 20

PMID 33743132

Citations 2

Authors

Hassan Nasirian

Amirhossein Zahirnia

Affiliations

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Abstract

Purpose: A comprehensive systematic meta-analysis review which deals with the degrees and trends of human infestation by biological stages of ticks, the degrees and trends of human infestation by biological stages of ticks in rural and urban areas, the infestation scale of tick attachment sites in body parts of humans, and the degrees of tick infestation in human age groups is critical. Therefore, this systematic meta-analysis review summarizes the above-detailed human infestation spectrums about biological stages of hard ticks.

Methods: After a preliminary review from 605 papers representing areas of the study objectives, 96 were selected for detailed human infestation spectrums of biological stages of hard ticks.

Results: In general, the results suggest that the adult ticks, and mostly females attack humans more than larval and nymphalid ones, and adult males, respectively. Unlike the trends of human infestation by larval and nymphalid stages of ticks, and the adult, male and female ticks which exhibited approximately a sharply decreasing trend, the global trend of human infestation by hard ticks exhibited approximately a sharply increasing trend over time. Ticks attack humans more in rural area than urban area. Also, the trends of human tick infestation in rural and urban areas exhibit, respectively, a sharp increase and decrease trends over time.

Conclusions: The majority of ticks mostly attach to human body trunk and extremity than head and neck, and genital area. Ticks attack human age groups of 0-9, 20-39, and 40-59 years more than those aged between 10 and 19 or older than 60 years.

Citing Articles

Hard Tick Species Parasitism Levels in Domestic Ruminants with Their Distribution and Role as Vectors: A Detailed Global Meta-analysis and Systematic Review.

Nasirian H Acta Parasitol. 2023; 69(1):1-105.

PMID: 37987883 DOI: 10.1007/s11686-023-00724-8.

Detailed new insights about tick infestations in domestic ruminant groups: a global systematic review and meta-analysis.

Nasirian H J Parasit Dis. 2022; 46(2):526-601.

PMID: 35692485 PMC: 9177937. DOI: 10.1007/s12639-021-01460-4.

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