Novel and Controversial Therapies in COVID-19

Overview

Journal Open Respir Med J

Publisher Bentham Open

Specialty Pulmonary Medicine

Date 2021 Mar 15

PMID 33717367

Citations 15

Authors

Romil Singh

Likhita Shaik

Ishita Mehra

Rahul Kashyap

Salim Surani

Affiliations

Soon will be listed here.

Abstract

The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is responsible for the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic, which has led scientists all over the world to push for the identification of novel therapies for COVID-19. The lack of a vaccine and specific treatment has led to a surge of novel therapies and their publicity in recent times. Under these unprecedented circumstances, a myriad of drugs used for other diseases is being evaluated and repositioned to treat COVID-19 (example- Remdesivir, Baricitinib). While multiple trials for potential drugs and vaccines are ongoing, and there are many unproven remedies with little or no supporting evidence. Presently, discussions are revolving around the use of multivitamins (Vitamin, C, D, A), minerals (selenium, zinc), probiotics, flavonoids, polyphenols, and herbal remedies (curcumin, artemisinin, herbal drinks). Our review delves further into the details of some of these controversial therapies for COVID-19.

Citing Articles

Anticoagulant use before COVID-19 diagnosis prevent COVID-19 associated acute venous thromboembolism or not: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Iqbal K, Banga A, Arif T, Rathore S, Bhurwal A, Naqvi S World J Methodol. 2024; 14(3):92983.

PMID: 39310244 PMC: 11230074. DOI: 10.5662/wjm.v14.i3.92983.

The Association of Latitude and Altitude with COVID-19 Symptoms: A VIRUS: COVID-19 Registry Analysis.

Tekin A, Qamar S, Bansal V, Surani S, Singh R, Sharma M Open Respir Med J. 2023; 16:e187430642207130.

PMID: 37273949 PMC: 10156053. DOI: 10.2174/18743064-v16-e2207130.

Importance of Magnesium Status in COVID-19.

Guerrero-Romero F, Micke O, Simental-Mendia L, Rodriguez-Moran M, Vormann J, Iotti S Biology (Basel). 2023; 12(5).

PMID: 37237547 PMC: 10215232. DOI: 10.3390/biology12050735.

COVID-19-Induced Seizures: A Meta-Analysis of Case Series and Retrospective Cohorts.

Hussaini H, Rogers S, Kataria S, Uddin K, Mohamed K, Mohamed A Cureus. 2022; 14(8):e28633.

PMID: 36196331 PMC: 9524720. DOI: 10.7759/cureus.28633.

Association of Obesity With COVID-19 Severity and Mortality: An Updated Systemic Review, Meta-Analysis, and Meta-Regression.

Singh R, Rathore S, Khan H, Karale S, Chawla Y, Iqbal K Front Endocrinol (Lausanne). 2022; 13:780872.

PMID: 35721716 PMC: 9205425. DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.780872.

References

Berger M, Oudemans-van Straaten H . Vitamin C supplementation in the critically ill patient. Curr Opin Clin Nutr Metab Care. 2015; 18(2):193-201. DOI: 10.1097/MCO.0000000000000148. View

Bhowmik D, Nandi R, Prakash A, Kumar D . Evaluation of flavonoids as 2019-nCoV cell entry inhibitor through molecular docking and pharmacological analysis. Heliyon. 2021; 7(3):e06515. PMC: 7955945. DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2021.e06515. View

Wintergerst E, Maggini S, Hornig D . Contribution of selected vitamins and trace elements to immune function. Ann Nutr Metab. 2007; 51(4):301-23. DOI: 10.1159/000107673. View

Marik P, Khangoora V, Rivera R, Hooper M, Catravas J . Hydrocortisone, Vitamin C, and Thiamine for the Treatment of Severe Sepsis and Septic Shock: A Retrospective Before-After Study. Chest. 2016; 151(6):1229-1238. DOI: 10.1016/j.chest.2016.11.036. View

Morrow L, Kollef M, Casale T . Probiotic prophylaxis of ventilator-associated pneumonia: a blinded, randomized, controlled trial. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2010; 182(8):1058-64. PMC: 2970846. DOI: 10.1164/rccm.200912-1853OC. View

Marik P, Long A . ARDS complicating pustular psoriasis: treatment with low-dose corticosteroids, vitamin C and thiamine. BMJ Case Rep. 2018; 2018. PMC: 5812384. DOI: 10.1136/bcr-2017-223475. View

Nair R, Maseeh A . Vitamin D: The "sunshine" vitamin. J Pharmacol Pharmacother. 2012; 3(2):118-26. PMC: 3356951. DOI: 10.4103/0976-500X.95506. View

Roth D, Richard S, Black R . Zinc supplementation for the prevention of acute lower respiratory infection in children in developing countries: meta-analysis and meta-regression of randomized trials. Int J Epidemiol. 2010; 39(3):795-808. DOI: 10.1093/ije/dyp391. View

Iovino L, Mazziotta F, Carulli G, Guerrini F, Morganti R, Mazzotti V . High-dose zinc oral supplementation after stem cell transplantation causes an increase of TRECs and CD4+ naïve lymphocytes and prevents TTV reactivation. Leuk Res. 2018; 70:20-24. DOI: 10.1016/j.leukres.2018.04.016. View

10.

Hemila H, Chalker E . Vitamin C may reduce the duration of mechanical ventilation in critically ill patients: a meta-regression analysis. J Intensive Care. 2020; 8:15. PMC: 7006137. DOI: 10.1186/s40560-020-0432-y. View

11.

Jee J, Hoet A, Azevedo M, Vlasova A, Loerch S, Pickworth C . Effects of dietary vitamin A content on antibody responses of feedlot calves inoculated intramuscularly with an inactivated bovine coronavirus vaccine. Am J Vet Res. 2013; 74(10):1353-62. DOI: 10.2460/ajvr.74.10.1353. View

12.

Carr A . A new clinical trial to test high-dose vitamin C in patients with COVID-19. Crit Care. 2020; 24(1):133. PMC: 7137406. DOI: 10.1186/s13054-020-02851-4. View

13.

Hurst R, Collings R, Harvey L, King M, Hooper L, Bouwman J . EURRECA-Estimating selenium requirements for deriving dietary reference values. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr. 2013; 53(10):1077-96. DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2012.742861. View

14.

Dushianthan A, Cusack R, Burgess V, Grocott M, Calder P . Immunonutrition for acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) in adults. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2019; 1:CD012041. PMC: 6353063. DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD012041.pub2. View

15.

Lee P, Eisman J, Center J . Vitamin D deficiency in critically ill patients. N Engl J Med. 2009; 360(18):1912-4. DOI: 10.1056/NEJMc0809996. View

16.

Messina G, Polito R, Monda V, Cipolloni L, Di Nunno N, Di Mizio G . Functional Role of Dietary Intervention to Improve the Outcome of COVID-19: A Hypothesis of Work. Int J Mol Sci. 2020; 21(9). PMC: 7247152. DOI: 10.3390/ijms21093104. View

17.

Semba R, Tang A . Micronutrients and the pathogenesis of human immunodeficiency virus infection. Br J Nutr. 1999; 81(3):181-9. DOI: 10.1017/s0007114599000379. View

18.

Mousa H . Prevention and Treatment of Influenza, Influenza-Like Illness, and Common Cold by Herbal, Complementary, and Natural Therapies. J Evid Based Complementary Altern Med. 2016; 22(1):166-174. PMC: 5871211. DOI: 10.1177/2156587216641831. View

19.

Adem S, Eyupoglu V, Ibrahim I, Sarfraz I, Rasul A, Ali M . Multidimensional in silico strategy for identification of natural polyphenols-based SARS-CoV-2 main protease (M) inhibitors to unveil a hope against COVID-19. Comput Biol Med. 2022; 145:105452. PMC: 8957318. DOI: 10.1016/j.compbiomed.2022.105452. View

20.

Patel N, Penkert R, Jones B, Sealy R, Surman S, Sun Y . Baseline Serum Vitamin A and D Levels Determine Benefit of Oral Vitamin A&D Supplements to Humoral Immune Responses Following Pediatric Influenza Vaccination. Viruses. 2019; 11(10). PMC: 6832482. DOI: 10.3390/v11100907. View