Potential Confounders and a Modified Framingham Risk Score for the Prediction of Pregnancy-related Medical Conditions Occurrence Among Pregnant Women: A Retrospective Study from Baghdad, Iraq

Overview

Journal J Pharm Bioallied Sci

Specialty Pharmacology

Date 2021 Mar 8

PMID 33679084

Authors

Anmar Al-Taie

Nadia H Mohammed

Zahraa Albasry

Affiliations

Soon will be listed here.

Abstract

Background: The incidence of pregnancy-related medical conditions relied on a set of potential factors that could be available even before the term of pregnancy and may be associated with poor outcomes later in life. This study aimed to investigate the association between some potential predictive factors related to maternal, gestational, and clinical parameters and the incidence of pregnancy-related medical conditions in a sample of Iraqi pregnant women.

Materials And Methods: A retrospective, observational, single-center study was carried out on 92 pregnant women during their routine visit to the obstetric clinic in a certain distinct of Baghdad province, Iraq. Demographic, gestational, and clinical records of the participants were collected and analyzed to detect the predictive factors for pregnancy-related medical conditions.

Results: 56.5% of the participants were at a gestational age of 25-37 weeks. 32.6% complained of pregnancy-related medical conditions, mainly gestational hypertension and diabetes mellitus. Pregnant women with pregnancy-related medical conditions were significantly correlated with a family history ( < 0.0001), previous gestational medical conditions ( < 0.001), diastolic blood pressure ( = 0.0011), different lipid panels ( = 0.0001), and maternal blood phenotype O ( = 0.0001).

Conclusion: Some predictive factors related to maternal, gestational, and health characteristics are correlated with the incidence of pregnancy-related medical conditions. Interventions to adjust and recognize these confounders are essentials even before pregnancy which could improve maternal health and reduce the overall risk of pregnancy-related medical conditions.

References

Bartels A, ODonoghue K . Cholesterol in pregnancy: a review of knowns and unknowns. Obstet Med. 2016; 4(4):147-51. PMC: 4989641. DOI: 10.1258/om.2011.110003. View

Ouzounian J, Elkayam U . Physiologic changes during normal pregnancy and delivery. Cardiol Clin. 2012; 30(3):317-29. DOI: 10.1016/j.ccl.2012.05.004. View

Pusukuru R, Shenoi A, Kyada P, Ghodke B, Mehta V, Bhuta K . Evaluation of Lipid Profile in Second and Third Trimester of Pregnancy. J Clin Diagn Res. 2016; 10(3):QC12-6. PMC: 4843332. DOI: 10.7860/JCDR/2016/17598.7436. View

. Gestational diabetes mellitus. Diabetes Care. 2002; 26 Suppl 1:S103-5. DOI: 10.2337/diacare.26.2007.s103. View

Andreakos E, Foxwell B, Brennan F, Maini R, Feldmann M . Cytokines and anti-cytokine biologicals in autoimmunity: present and future. Cytokine Growth Factor Rev. 2002; 13(4-5):299-313. DOI: 10.1016/s1359-6101(02)00018-7. View

Alpoim P, de Barros Pinheiro M, Junqueira D, Freitas L, Carvalho M, Fernandes A . Preeclampsia and ABO blood groups: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Mol Biol Rep. 2012; 40(3):2253-61. DOI: 10.1007/s11033-012-2288-2. View

Lee A, Hiscock R, Wein P, Walker S, Permezel M . Gestational diabetes mellitus: clinical predictors and long-term risk of developing type 2 diabetes: a retrospective cohort study using survival analysis. Diabetes Care. 2007; 30(4):878-83. DOI: 10.2337/dc06-1816. View

Metzger B, Coustan D . Summary and recommendations of the Fourth International Workshop-Conference on Gestational Diabetes Mellitus. The Organizing Committee. Diabetes Care. 1998; 21 Suppl 2:B161-7. View

Rebelo F, Farias D, Mendes R, Schlussel M, Kac G . Blood Pressure Variation Throughout Pregnancy According to Early Gestational BMI: A Brazilian Cohort. Arq Bras Cardiol. 2015; 104(4):284-91. PMC: 4415864. DOI: 10.5935/abc.20150007. View

10.

Odegard R, Vatten L, Nilsen S, Salvesen K, Austgulen R . Risk factors and clinical manifestations of pre-eclampsia. BJOG. 2000; 107(11):1410-6. DOI: 10.1111/j.1471-0528.2000.tb11657.x. View

11.

Gonzalez-Clemente J, Carro O, Gallach I, Vioque J, Humanes A, Sauret C . Increased cholesterol intake in women with gestational diabetes mellitus. Diabetes Metab. 2007; 33(1):25-9. DOI: 10.1016/j.diabet.2006.07.002. View

12.

English F, Kenny L, McCarthy F . Risk factors and effective management of preeclampsia. Integr Blood Press Control. 2015; 8:7-12. PMC: 4354613. DOI: 10.2147/IBPC.S50641. View

13.

Virani S . Non-HDL cholesterol as a metric of good quality of care: opportunities and challenges. Tex Heart Inst J. 2011; 38(2):160-2. PMC: 3066801. View

14.

Laresgoiti-Servitje E, Gomez-Lopez N, Olson D . An immunological insight into the origins of pre-eclampsia. Hum Reprod Update. 2010; 16(5):510-24. DOI: 10.1093/humupd/dmq007. View

15.

Choi S, Park Y, Shim K, Choi Y, Chang J, Hahn W . Recent trends in the incidence of multiple births and its consequences on perinatal problems in Korea. J Korean Med Sci. 2010; 25(8):1191-6. PMC: 2908790. DOI: 10.3346/jkms.2010.25.8.1191. View

16.

Brizzi P, Tonolo G, Esposito F, Puddu L, Dessole S, Maioli M . Lipoprotein metabolism during normal pregnancy. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 1999; 181(2):430-4. DOI: 10.1016/s0002-9378(99)70574-0. View

17.

Spracklen C, Smith C, Saftlas A, Robinson J, Ryckman K . Maternal hyperlipidemia and the risk of preeclampsia: a meta-analysis. Am J Epidemiol. 2014; 180(4):346-58. PMC: 4565654. DOI: 10.1093/aje/kwu145. View

18.

Neiger R . Long-Term Effects of Pregnancy Complications on Maternal Health: A Review. J Clin Med. 2017; 6(8). PMC: 5575578. DOI: 10.3390/jcm6080076. View

19.

Wei J, Wu Q, Zhang T, Shen Z, Liu H, Zheng D . Complications in multiple gestation pregnancy: A cross-sectional study of ten maternal-fetal medicine centers in China. Oncotarget. 2016; 7(21):30797-803. PMC: 5058718. DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.9000. View

20.

Al-Taie A, Albasry Z, Mohammed N . Clinical Characteristics of Pregnant Women on the Use of Daily Low-dose Aspirin in Different Hypertensive Pregnancy Disorders: A Retrospective Comparative Study. J Pharm Bioallied Sci. 2019; 11(1):77-82. PMC: 6394152. DOI: 10.4103/jpbs.JPBS_183_18. View