Sleep Down State-active ID2/Nkx2.1 Interneurons in the Neocortex

Overview

Journal Nat Neurosci

Date 2021 Feb 23

PMID 33619404

Citations 37

Authors

Manuel Valero

Tim J Viney

Robert Machold

Sara Mederos

Ipshita Zutshi

Benjamin Schuman

Yuta Senzai

Bernardo Rudy

Gyorgy Buzsaki

Affiliations

Soon will be listed here.

Abstract

Pyramidal cells and GABAergic interneurons fire together in balanced cortical networks. In contrast to this general rule, we describe a distinct neuron type in mice and rats whose spiking activity is anti-correlated with all principal cells and interneurons in all brain states but, most prevalently, during the down state of non-REM (NREM) sleep. We identify these down state-active (DSA) neurons as deep-layer neocortical neurogliaform cells that express ID2 and Nkx2.1 and are weakly immunoreactive to neuronal nitric oxide synthase. DSA neurons are weakly excited by deep-layer pyramidal cells and strongly inhibited by several other GABAergic cell types. Spiking of DSA neurons modified the sequential firing order of other neurons at down-up transitions. Optogenetic activation of ID2Nkx2.1 interneurons in the posterior parietal cortex during NREM sleep, but not during waking, interfered with consolidation of cue discrimination memory. Despite their sparsity, DSA neurons perform critical physiological functions.

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