» Articles » PMID: 33591454

Contemporary Clinical Neurophysiology Applications in Dystonia

Overview
Specialties Neurology
Physiology
Date 2021 Feb 16
PMID 33591454
Authors
Affiliations
Soon will be listed here.
Abstract

The complex phenomenological understanding of dystonia has transcended from the clinics to genetics, imaging and neurophysiology. One way in which electrophysiology will impact into the clinics are cases wherein a dystonic clinical presentation may not be typical or a "forme fruste" of the disorder. Indeed, the physiological imprints of dystonia are present regardless of its clinical manifestation. Underpinnings in the understanding of dystonia span from the peripheral, segmental and suprasegmental levels to the cortex, and various electrophysiological tests have been applied in the course of time to elucidate the origin of dystonia pathophysiology. While loss of inhibition remains to be the key finding in this regard, intricacies and variabilities exist, thus leading to a notion that perhaps dystonia should best be gleaned as network disorder. Interestingly, the complex process has now spanned towards the understanding in terms of networks related to the cerebellar circuitry and the neuroplasticity. What is evolving towards a better and cohesive view will be neurophysiology attributes combined with structural dynamic imaging. Such a sound approach will significantly lead to better therapeutic modalities in the future.

References
1.
Alexander G . Basal ganglia-thalamocortical circuits: their role in control of movements. J Clin Neurophysiol. 1994; 11(4):420-31. View

2.
Amadio S, Panizza M, Pisano F, Maderna L, Miscio C, Nilsson J . Transcranial magnetic stimulation and silent period in spasmodic torticollis. Am J Phys Med Rehabil. 2000; 79(4):361-8. DOI: 10.1097/00002060-200007000-00007. View

3.
Antelmi E, Erro R, Rocchi L, Liguori R, Tinazzi M, Di Stasio F . Neurophysiological correlates of abnormal somatosensory temporal discrimination in dystonia. Mov Disord. 2016; 32(1):141-148. DOI: 10.1002/mds.26804. View

4.
Bares M, Rektor I . Basal ganglia involvement in sensory and cognitive processing. A depth electrode CNV study in human subjects. Clin Neurophysiol. 2001; 112(11):2022-30. DOI: 10.1016/s1388-2457(01)00671-x. View

5.
Bares M, Filip P . Cerebellum and dystonia: The story continues. Will the patients benefit from new discoveries?. Clin Neurophysiol. 2017; 129(1):282-283. DOI: 10.1016/j.clinph.2017.10.007. View