Structure, Function, and Interactions of the HIV-1 Capsid Protein

Overview

Journal Life (Basel)

Specialty Biology

Date 2021 Feb 12

PMID 33572761

Citations 26

Authors

Eric Rossi

Megan E Meuser

Camille J Cunanan

Simon Cocklin

Affiliations

Soon will be listed here.

Abstract

The capsid (CA) protein of the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) is an essential structural component of a virion and facilitates many crucial life cycle steps through interactions with host cell factors. Capsid shields the reverse transcription complex from restriction factors while it enables trafficking to the nucleus by hijacking various adaptor proteins, such as FEZ1 and BICD2. In addition, the capsid facilitates the import and localization of the viral complex in the nucleus through interaction with NUP153, NUP358, TNPO3, and CPSF-6. In the later stages of the HIV-1 life cycle, CA plays an essential role in the maturation step as a constituent of the Gag polyprotein. In the final phase of maturation, Gag is cleaved, and CA is released, allowing for the assembly of CA into a fullerene cone, known as the capsid core. The fullerene cone consists of ~250 CA hexamers and 12 CA pentamers and encloses the viral genome and other essential viral proteins for the next round of infection. As research continues to elucidate the role of CA in the HIV-1 life cycle and the importance of the capsid protein becomes more apparent, CA displays potential as a therapeutic target for the development of HIV-1 inhibitors.

Citing Articles

Cyclophilin A Regulates Tripartite Motif 5 Alpha Restriction of HIV-1.

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IP6, PF74 affect HIV-1 capsid stability through modulation of hexamer-hexamer tilt angle preference.

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Lack of Resistance Mutations to the Novel HIV-1 Capsid Inhibitor Lenacapavir Among People Living with HIV in Guangdong, China.

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