Position Statement on Fat Consumption and Cardiovascular Health - 2021

Ding L, Chang M, Guo Y, Zhang L, Xue C, Yanagita T . Trimethylamine-N-oxide (TMAO)-induced atherosclerosis is associated with bile acid metabolism. Lipids Health Dis. 2018; 17(1):286. PMC: 6300890. DOI: 10.1186/s12944-018-0939-6. View

Dossi C, Tapia G, Espinosa A, Videla L, DEspessailles A . Reversal of high-fat diet-induced hepatic steatosis by n-3 LCPUFA: role of PPAR-α and SREBP-1c. J Nutr Biochem. 2014; 25(9):977-84. DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2014.04.011. View

Nestel P, Shige H, Pomeroy S, Cehun M, Abbey M, Raederstorff D . The n-3 fatty acids eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid increase systemic arterial compliance in humans. Am J Clin Nutr. 2002; 76(2):326-30. DOI: 10.1093/ajcn/76.2.326. View

Tran N, Barraj L, Heilman J, Scrafford C . Egg consumption and cardiovascular disease among diabetic individuals: a systematic review of the literature. Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes. 2014; 7:121-37. PMC: 3969252. DOI: 10.2147/DMSO.S58668. View

Laugerette F, Vors C, Peretti N, Michalski M . Complex links between dietary lipids, endogenous endotoxins and metabolic inflammation. Biochimie. 2010; 93(1):39-45. DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2010.04.016. View

Baghdasarian S, Lin H, Pickering R, Mott M, Singer M, Bradlee M . Dietary Cholesterol Intake Is Not Associated with Risk of Type 2 Diabetes in the Framingham Offspring Study. Nutrients. 2018; 10(6). PMC: 6024792. DOI: 10.3390/nu10060665. View

Stroes E, Moulin P, Parhofer K, Rebours V, Lohr J, Averna M . Diagnostic algorithm for familial chylomicronemia syndrome. Atheroscler Suppl. 2016; 23:1-7. DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosissup.2016.10.002. View

Satoh M, Tabuchi T, Itoh T, Nakamura M . NLRP3 inflammasome activation in coronary artery disease: results from prospective and randomized study of treatment with atorvastatin or rosuvastatin. Clin Sci (Lond). 2013; 126(3):233-41. DOI: 10.1042/CS20130043. View

Pschierer V, Richter W, Schwandt P . Primary chylomicronemia in patients with severe familial hypertriglyceridemia responds to long-term treatment with (n-3) fatty acids. J Nutr. 1995; 125(6):1490-4. DOI: 10.1093/jn/125.6.1490. View

10.

Hjermann I, Velve Byre K, Holme I, Leren P . Effect of diet and smoking intervention on the incidence of coronary heart disease. Report from the Oslo Study Group of a randomised trial in healthy men. Lancet. 1981; 2(8259):1303-10. DOI: 10.1016/s0140-6736(81)91338-6. View

11.

Harris W . The omega-6/omega-3 ratio and cardiovascular disease risk: uses and abuses. Curr Atheroscler Rep. 2006; 8(6):453-9. DOI: 10.1007/s11883-006-0019-7. View

12.

Savonen R, Hiden M, Hultin M, Zechner R, Levak-Frank S, Olivecrona G . The tissue distribution of lipoprotein lipase determines where chylomicrons bind. J Lipid Res. 2015; 56(3):588-598. PMC: 4340306. DOI: 10.1194/jlr.M056028. View

13.

Hooper L, Martin N, Abdelhamid A, Davey Smith G . Reduction in saturated fat intake for cardiovascular disease. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2015; (6):CD011737. DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD011737. View

14.

Berglund L, Brunzell J, Goldberg A, Goldberg I, Sacks F, Murad M . Evaluation and treatment of hypertriglyceridemia: an Endocrine Society clinical practice guideline. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2012; 97(9):2969-89. PMC: 3431581. DOI: 10.1210/jc.2011-3213. View

15.

Wolff R, Precht D, Nasser B, El Kebbaj M . Trans- and cis-octadecenoic acid isomers in the hump and milk lipids from Camelus dromedarius. Lipids. 2002; 36(10):1175-8. DOI: 10.1007/s11745-001-0829-y. View

16.

Filippou A, Teng K, Berry S, Sanders T . Palmitic acid in the sn-2 position of dietary triacylglycerols does not affect insulin secretion or glucose homeostasis in healthy men and women. Eur J Clin Nutr. 2014; 68(9):1036-41. PMC: 4155797. DOI: 10.1038/ejcn.2014.141. View

17.

Bach A, Ingenbleek Y, Frey A . The usefulness of dietary medium-chain triglycerides in body weight control: fact or fancy?. J Lipid Res. 1996; 37(4):708-26. View

18.

von Schacky C, Angerer P, Kothny W, Theisen K, Mudra H . The effect of dietary omega-3 fatty acids on coronary atherosclerosis. A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Ann Intern Med. 1999; 130(7):554-62. DOI: 10.7326/0003-4819-130-7-199904060-00003. View

19.

Hotamisligil G . Inflammation and metabolic disorders. Nature. 2006; 444(7121):860-7. DOI: 10.1038/nature05485. View

20.

Afshin A, Micha R, Khatibzadeh S, Fahimi S, Shi P, Powles J . The impact of dietary habits and metabolic risk factors on cardiovascular and diabetes mortality in countries of the Middle East and North Africa in 2010: a comparative risk assessment analysis. BMJ Open. 2015; 5(5):e006385. PMC: 4442236. DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2014-006385. View