Ultrarapid Mutation Screening Followed by Comprehensive Next-Generation Sequencing: A Feasible, Informative Approach for Lung Carcinoma Cytology Specimens With a High Success Rate

Introduction: For patients with advanced NSCLC, cytologic samples may be the only diagnostic specimen available for molecular profiling. Although both rapid and comprehensive assessment are essential in this setting, an integrated multitest approach remains an important strategy in many laboratories, despite the risks and challenges when working with scant samples. In this study, we describe our experience and high success rate in using a multitest approach, focusing on the clinical validation and incorporation of ultrarapid testing using the Idylla system followed by comprehensive next-generation sequencing (NGS).

Methods: Cytology samples received for routine molecular testing were included in this study. The performance characteristics of the Idylla assay were assessed; tissue suitability parameters and interpretation criteria to supplement automated mutation calling were established. The assay performance was monitored for 1 year, comparing the results with those of concurrent NGS testing by MSK-IMPACT (primarily) or MSK-AmpliSeq and MSK-Fusion solid panel in a subset of cases.

Results: Overall, 301 samples were studied; 83 samples were included in validation (60.2% [50 of 83] were positive for mutations). Concordance with the reference method was 96.4% (80 of 83) of the samples with excellent reproducibility. The limit of detection was variable depending on the total tissue input and the specific mutation tested. Unextracted tissue inputs that maintained total cycle of quantification at less than 23 allowed all mutations to be detected if present at greater than 5% variant allele frequency. Mutations could be detected at 1% variant allele frequency with total cycle of quantification of 18. During the clinical implementation phase, 218 NSCLC samples were tested by Idylla (24.3% [53 of 218] were mutation positive). Concurrent NGS testing was requested on 165 samples and successfully performed on 96.4% (159 of 165) of the samples. The Idylla automated results were concordant with those obtained by NGS in 96.2% (153 of 159) of cases and improved to 98.7% (157 of 159) after incorporation of manual review criteria to supplement automated calling, resulting in a diagnostic sensitivity of 95.6% (95% confidence interval: 84.9%-99.5%). In general, 9% (14 of 159) of the cases tested by NGS had mutations not covered by the Idylla assay, primarily insertions in exon 19 and 20 and minor mutations cooccurring with canonical sensitizing mutations.

Conclusions: Comprehensive molecular testing is feasible and has a high success rate in NSCLC cytology samples when using a multitest approach. Testing with the Idylla system enables rapid and accurate determination of the status without compromising subsequent NGS testing.