Current View and Perspectives in Viroid Replication

Overview

Journal Curr Opin Virol

Publisher Elsevier

Specialty Microbiology

Date 2021 Jan 18

PMID 33460914

Citations 16

Authors

Ying Wang

Affiliations

Soon will be listed here.

Abstract

Viroids are single-stranded circular noncoding RNAs that infect plants. The noncoding nature indicates that viroids must harness their RNA genomes to redirect host machinery for infection. Therefore, the viroid model provides invaluable opportunities for delineating fundamental principles of RNA structure-function relationships and for dissecting the composition and mechanism of RNA-related cellular machinery. There are two viroid families, Pospiviroidae and Avsunviroidae. Members of both families replicate via the RNA-based rolling-circle mechanism with some variations. Viroid replication is generally divided into three steps: transcription, cleavage, and ligation. Decades of studies have uncovered numerous viroid RNA structures with a regulatory role in replication and multiple enzymes critical for the three replication steps. This review discusses these findings and highlights the latest discoveries. Future studies will continue to elucidate regulatory factors and mechanism of host machinery exploited by viroids and provide new insights into host-viroid interactions in the context of pathogenesis.

Citing Articles

Promising Biotechnological Applications of the Artificial Derivatives Designed and Constructed from Plant microRNA Genes.

Erokhina T, Ryabukhina E, Lyapina I, Ryazantsev D, Zavriev S, Morozov S Plants (Basel). 2025; 14(3).

PMID: 39942887 PMC: 11819897. DOI: 10.3390/plants14030325.

The Possible Crystallization Process in the Origin of Bacteria, Archaea, Viruses, and Mobile Elements.

Yoshimura A, Seki M Biology (Basel). 2025; 14(1.

PMID: 39857234 PMC: 11763024. DOI: 10.3390/biology14010003.

Diversity and evolution of viroids and viroid-like agents with circular RNA genomes revealed by metatranscriptome mining.

Koonin E, Lee B Nucleic Acids Res. 2024; 53(3).

PMID: 39727156 PMC: 11797063. DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkae1278.

DNA Ligase I Circularises Potato Spindle Tuber Viroid RNA in a Biomolecular Condensate.

Wang Y, Ma J, Hao J, Liu B, Wang Y Mol Plant Pathol. 2024; 25(12):e70047.

PMID: 39715063 PMC: 11665776. DOI: 10.1111/mpp.70047.

Complete genome sequence of grapevine yellow speckle viroid 3, a novel apscaviroid infecting grapevine, characterized by high-throughput sequencing.

Prajapati M, Thapa P, Diksha D, Sharma S, Gupta N, Baranwal V Arch Virol. 2024; 169(10):194.

PMID: 39249561 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-024-06128-x.

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