Predicting Pathological Complete Response (pCR) After Stereotactic Ablative Radiation Therapy (SABR) of Lung Cancer Using Quantitative Dynamic [F]FDG PET and CT Perfusion: a Prospective Exploratory Clinical Study

Overview

Journal Radiat Oncol

Publisher Biomed Central

Specialties Oncology
Radiology

Date 2021 Jan 14

PMID 33441162

Citations 6

Authors

Dae-Myoung Yang

David A Palma

Keith Kwan

Alexander V Louie

Richard Malthaner

Dalilah Fortin

George B Rodrigues

Brian P Yaremko

Joanna Laba

Stewart Gaede

Andrew Warner

Richard Inculet

Ting-Yim Lee

Affiliations

Soon will be listed here.

Abstract

Background: Stereotactic ablative radiation therapy (SABR) is effective in treating inoperable stage I non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), but imaging assessment of response after SABR is difficult. This prospective study aimed to develop a predictive model for true pathologic complete response (pCR) to SABR using imaging-based biomarkers from dynamic [F]FDG-PET and CT Perfusion (CTP).

Methods: Twenty-six patients with early-stage NSCLC treated with SABR followed by surgical resection were included, as a pre-specified secondary analysis of a larger study. Dynamic [F]FDG-PET and CTP were performed pre-SABR and 8-week post. Dynamic [F]FDG-PET provided maximum and mean standardized uptake value (SUV) and kinetic parameters estimated using a previously developed flow-modified two-tissue compartment model while CTP measured blood flow, blood volume and vessel permeability surface product. Recursive partitioning analysis (RPA) was used to establish a predictive model with the measured PET and CTP imaging biomarkers for predicting pCR. The model was compared to current RECIST (Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumours version 1.1) and PERCIST (PET Response Criteria in Solid Tumours version 1.0) criteria.

Results: RPA identified three response groups based on tumour blood volume before SABR (BV) and change in SUV (ΔSUV), the thresholds being BV = 9.3 mL/100 g and ΔSUV = - 48.9%. The highest true pCR rate of 92% was observed in the group with BV < 9.3 mL/100 g and ΔSUV < - 48.9% after SABR while the worst was observed in the group with BV ≥ 9.3 mL/100 g (0%). RPA model achieved excellent pCR prediction (Concordance: 0.92; P = 0.03). RECIST and PERCIST showed poor pCR prediction (Concordance: 0.54 and 0.58, respectively).

Conclusions: In this study, we developed a predictive model based on dynamic [F]FDG-PET and CT Perfusion imaging that was significantly better than RECIST and PERCIST criteria to predict pCR of NSCLC to SABR. The model used BV and ΔSUV which correlates to tumour microvessel density and cell proliferation, respectively and warrants validation with larger sample size studies.

Trial Registration: MISSILE-NSCLC, NCT02136355 (ClinicalTrials.gov). Registered May 8, 2014, https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT02136355.

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