The Retrotrapezoid Nucleus and the Neuromodulation of Breathing

Overview

Journal J Neurophysiol

Publisher American Physiological Society

Specialties Neurology
Physiology

Date 2021 Jan 11

PMID 33427575

Citations 7

Authors

Thiago S Moreira

Cleyton R Sobrinho

Barbara Falquetto

Luiz M Oliveira

Janayna D Lima

Daniel K Mulkey

Ana C Takakura

Affiliations

Soon will be listed here.

Abstract

Breathing is regulated by a host of arousal and sleep-wake state-dependent neuromodulators to maintain respiratory homeostasis. Modulators such as acetylcholine, norepinephrine, histamine, serotonin (5-HT), adenosine triphosphate (ATP), substance P, somatostatin, bombesin, orexin, and leptin can serve complementary or off-setting functions depending on the target cell type and signaling mechanisms engaged. Abnormalities in any of these modulatory mechanisms can destabilize breathing, suggesting that modulatory mechanisms are not overly redundant but rather work in concert to maintain stable respiratory output. The present review focuses on the modulation of a specific cluster of neurons located in the ventral medullary surface, named retrotrapezoid nucleus, that are activated by changes in tissue CO/H and regulate several aspects of breathing, including inspiration and active expiration.

Citing Articles

Revisiting the Role of Serotonin in Sleep-Disordered Breathing.

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Update on vascular control of central chemoreceptors.

Moreira T, Mulkey D, Takakura A Exp Physiol. 2023; 109(11):1837-1843.

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Criteria for central respiratory chemoreceptors: experimental evidence supporting current candidate cell groups.

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The effect of central growth hormone action on hypoxia ventilatory response in conscious mice.

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Medullary astrocytes mediate irregular breathing patterns generation in chronic heart failure through purinergic P2X7 receptor signalling.

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