Remdesivir in Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Treatment: a Review of Evidence

Overview

Journal Infection

Date 2021 Jan 3

PMID 33389708

Citations 48

Authors

Hui Xian Jaime Lin

Sanda Cho

Veeraraghavan Meyyur Aravamudan

Hnin Yu Sanda

Raj Palraj

James S Molton

Indumathi Venkatachalam

Affiliations

Soon will be listed here.

Abstract

COVID-19 is an infectious disease caused by a novel β-coronavirus, belonging to the same subgenus as the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) virus. Remdesivir, an investigational broad-spectrum antiviral agent has previously demonstrated in vitro activity against Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), and in vivo efficacy against other related coronaviruses in animal models. Its safety profile has been tested in a compassionate use setting for patients with COVID-19. The current therapeutic studies demonstrate clinical effectiveness of remdesivir in COVID-19 patients by shortening time to clinical recovery, and hospital stay. In this review, we critically analyze the current evidence of remdesivir against COVID-19 and dissect the aspects over its safety and efficacy. Based on existing data, remdesivir can be regarded as a potential therapeutic agent against COVID-19. Further large-scale, randomized placebo-controlled clinical trials are, however, awaited to validate these findings.

Citing Articles

Clinical outcomes and considerations in outpatient with COVID-19 receiving remdesivir therapy.

Siami Z, Rasooli A, Zebardast J, Jalali I, Jamalimoghadamsiahkali S Health Sci Rep. 2024; 7(7):e2252.

PMID: 39044845 PMC: 11262996. DOI: 10.1002/hsr2.2252.

Combined prevention and treatment measures are essential to control nosocomial infections during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Liu J, Li Y, Wang M, Yang J World J Virol. 2024; 13(2):91286.

PMID: 38984081 PMC: 11229840. DOI: 10.5501/wjv.v13.i2.91286.

Managing Infection Complications in the Setting of Chimeric Antigen Receptor T cell (CAR-T) Therapy.

Ahmed N, Oluwole O, Mahmoudjafari Z, Suleman N, McGuirk J Clin Hematol Int. 2024; 6(2):31-45.

PMID: 38817309 PMC: 11086990. DOI: 10.46989/001c.115932.

Clinical Course and Factors Associated With Hospital Admission and Mortality among Sars-Cov 2 Patients within Nairobi Metropolitan Area.

Njuguna A, Wangombe A, Walekhwa M, Kamondo D medRxiv. 2024; .

PMID: 38798388 PMC: 11118643. DOI: 10.1101/2024.05.15.24307403.

Adverse drug reactions associated with COVID-19 management.

Chavda V, Dodiya P, Apostolopoulos V Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol. 2024; 397(10):7353-7376.

PMID: 38743117 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-024-03137-0.

References

Zhu N, Zhang D, Wang W, Li X, Yang B, Song J . A Novel Coronavirus from Patients with Pneumonia in China, 2019. N Engl J Med. 2020; 382(8):727-733. PMC: 7092803. DOI: 10.1056/NEJMoa2001017. View

Sheahan T, Sims A, Graham R, Menachery V, Gralinski L, Case J . Broad-spectrum antiviral GS-5734 inhibits both epidemic and zoonotic coronaviruses. Sci Transl Med. 2017; 9(396). PMC: 5567817. DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.aal3653. View

Abid M, Nunley L, Abid M . Could Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Render Natural Immunity to Re-infections? A Spotlight on the Therapeutic Pipeline. Front Immunol. 2020; 11:1294. PMC: 7290157. DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.01294. View

Wang Y, Zhang D, Du G, Du R, Zhao J, Jin Y . Remdesivir in adults with severe COVID-19: a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, multicentre trial. Lancet. 2020; 395(10236):1569-1578. PMC: 7190303. DOI: 10.1016/S0140-6736(20)31022-9. View

Temesgen Z, Assi M, Vergidis P, Rizza S, Bauer P, Pickering B . First Clinical Use of Lenzilumab to Neutralize GM-CSF in Patients with Severe COVID-19 Pneumonia. medRxiv. 2020; . PMC: 7310641. DOI: 10.1101/2020.06.08.20125369. View

Holshue M, DeBolt C, Lindquist S, Lofy K, Wiesman J, Bruce H . First Case of 2019 Novel Coronavirus in the United States. N Engl J Med. 2020; 382(10):929-936. PMC: 7092802. DOI: 10.1056/NEJMoa2001191. View

Stone J, Frigault M, Serling-Boyd N, Fernandes A, Harvey L, Foulkes A . Efficacy of Tocilizumab in Patients Hospitalized with Covid-19. N Engl J Med. 2020; 383(24):2333-2344. PMC: 7646626. DOI: 10.1056/NEJMoa2028836. View

Wu D, Yang X . TH17 responses in cytokine storm of COVID-19: An emerging target of JAK2 inhibitor Fedratinib. J Microbiol Immunol Infect. 2020; 53(3):368-370. PMC: 7156211. DOI: 10.1016/j.jmii.2020.03.005. View

Xu X, Han M, Li T, Sun W, Wang D, Fu B . Effective treatment of severe COVID-19 patients with tocilizumab. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2020; 117(20):10970-10975. PMC: 7245089. DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2005615117. View

10.

Tay M, Poh C, Renia L, Macary P, Ng L . The trinity of COVID-19: immunity, inflammation and intervention. Nat Rev Immunol. 2020; 20(6):363-374. PMC: 7187672. DOI: 10.1038/s41577-020-0311-8. View

11.

Kumagai Y, Murakawa Y, Hasunuma T, Aso M, Yuji W, Sakurai T . Lack of effect of favipiravir, a novel antiviral agent, on QT interval in healthy Japanese adults. Int J Clin Pharmacol Ther. 2015; 53(10):866-74. DOI: 10.5414/CP202388. View

12.

Davoudi-Monfared E, Rahmani H, Khalili H, Hajiabdolbaghi M, Salehi M, Abbasian L . A Randomized Clinical Trial of the Efficacy and Safety of Interferon β-1a in Treatment of Severe COVID-19. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2020; 64(9). PMC: 7449227. DOI: 10.1128/AAC.01061-20. View

13.

Pan H, Peto R, Henao-Restrepo A, Preziosi M, Sathiyamoorthy V, Abdool Karim Q . Repurposed Antiviral Drugs for Covid-19 - Interim WHO Solidarity Trial Results. N Engl J Med. 2020; 384(6):497-511. PMC: 7727327. DOI: 10.1056/NEJMoa2023184. View

14.

Cao B, Wang Y, Wen D, Liu W, Wang J, Fan G . A Trial of Lopinavir-Ritonavir in Adults Hospitalized with Severe Covid-19. N Engl J Med. 2020; 382(19):1787-1799. PMC: 7121492. DOI: 10.1056/NEJMoa2001282. View

15.

Spinner C, Gottlieb R, Criner G, Lopez J, Cattelan A, Soriano Viladomiu A . Effect of Remdesivir vs Standard Care on Clinical Status at 11 Days in Patients With Moderate COVID-19: A Randomized Clinical Trial. JAMA. 2020; 324(11):1048-1057. PMC: 7442954. DOI: 10.1001/jama.2020.16349. View

16.

Lu R, Zhao X, Li J, Niu P, Yang B, Wu H . Genomic characterisation and epidemiology of 2019 novel coronavirus: implications for virus origins and receptor binding. Lancet. 2020; 395(10224):565-574. PMC: 7159086. DOI: 10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30251-8. View

17.

Mentre F, Taburet A, Guedj J, Anglaret X, Keita S, de Lamballerie X . Dose regimen of favipiravir for Ebola virus disease. Lancet Infect Dis. 2014; 15(2):150-1. DOI: 10.1016/S1473-3099(14)71047-3. View

18.

Joyner M, Wright R, Fairweather D, Senefeld J, Bruno K, Klassen S . Early safety indicators of COVID-19 convalescent plasma in 5000 patients. J Clin Invest. 2020; 130(9):4791-4797. PMC: 7456238. DOI: 10.1172/JCI140200. View

19.

Hung I, Lung K, Tso E, Liu R, Chung T, Chu M . Triple combination of interferon beta-1b, lopinavir-ritonavir, and ribavirin in the treatment of patients admitted to hospital with COVID-19: an open-label, randomised, phase 2 trial. Lancet. 2020; 395(10238):1695-1704. PMC: 7211500. DOI: 10.1016/S0140-6736(20)31042-4. View

20.

Liu S, Lin H, Baine I, Wajnberg A, Gumprecht J, Rahman F . Convalescent plasma treatment of severe COVID-19: a propensity score-matched control study. Nat Med. 2020; 26(11):1708-1713. DOI: 10.1038/s41591-020-1088-9. View