Circulation of an Atypical Hepatitis C Virus (HCV) Strain at a Dialysis Unit in Northeast India

Overview

Journal Microbiologyopen

Specialty Microbiology

Date 2020 Dec 28

PMID 33369206

Citations 2

Authors

Deepjyoti Kalita

Sangeeta Deka

Kailash Chamuah

Affiliations

Soon will be listed here.

Abstract

Patients undergoing hemodialysis are at an increased risk of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection. The implementation of standard infection control measures can substantially decrease the risk of infections and other nosocomial infections. To study the HCV infection rates and genotypes in maintenance hemodialysis subjects in a dialysis unit. A total of 196 maintenance hemodialysis subjects were tested for HCV RNA for one year at a tertiary care teaching hospital in northeast India continuously. Genotyping was performed using direct sequencing (Sanger sequencing) of the 5'UTR-core region. The HCV infection rate was 26.0%. On phylogenetic analysis, 29 sequences clustered around genotype 3 and subtype 3f were observed. High sequence similarities (75-100% homology) were observed among the isolated sequences. High molecular similarities in the isolates from the same dialysis unit with a high infection rate (26.0%) over a relatively short period of study (10 months) indicated an ongoing nosocomial transmission. Nosocomial transmission by subtype 3f is rare, and it has not been reported in dialysis cases previously. The strain is most likely evolving from common strains such as 3b or 3i and may spread due to migration or movement of people. Urgent implementation of adequate infection control measures is required.

Citing Articles

An Updated View on the Antiviral Therapy of Hepatitis C in Chronic Kidney Disease.

Fabrizi F, Cerutti R, Messa P Pathogens. 2021; 10(11).

PMID: 34832537 PMC: 8619857. DOI: 10.3390/pathogens10111381.

Updated Evidence on the Epidemiology of Hepatitis C Virus in Hemodialysis.

Fabrizi F, Cerutti R, Messa P Pathogens. 2021; 10(9).

PMID: 34578181 PMC: 8468134. DOI: 10.3390/pathogens10091149.

References

Barman B, Bora K, Lynrah K, Lyngdoh W, Jamil M . Hepatitis C virus and its genotypes in chronic liver disease patients from Meghalaya, Northeast India. Indian J Med Microbiol. 2018; 36(3):376-380. DOI: 10.4103/ijmm.IJMM_17_371. View

Halle M, Larry T, Okalla C, Mefoo N, Hermine F, Ashuntantang G . Incidence and factors associated with seroconversion to hepatitis C virus seropositivity amongst patients on maintenance hemodialysis, Douala-Cameroon. Saudi J Kidney Dis Transpl. 2018; 29(4):939-945. DOI: 10.4103/1319-2442.239664. View

Heikens E, Hetem D, Jousma-Rutjes J, Nijhuis W, Boland G, Hommes N . Hepatitis C virus transmission in a Dutch haemodialysis unit: detailed outbreak investigation using NS5A gene sequencing. J Hosp Infect. 2018; 101(3):333-338. DOI: 10.1016/j.jhin.2018.11.015. View

Chakravarti A, Dogra G, Verma V, Srivastava A . Distribution pattern of HCV genotypes & its association with viral load. Indian J Med Res. 2011; 133:326-31. PMC: 3103160. View

Phukan A, Borah P, Boruah D, Doley B, Mahanta J . Magnitude of hepatitis C virus infection in upper Assam. Indian J Gastroenterol. 2003; 22(1):34. View

Izopet J, Pasquier C, Sandres K, Puel J, Rostaing L . Molecular evidence for nosocomial transmission of hepatitis C virus in a French hemodialysis unit. J Med Virol. 1999; 58(2):139-44. DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1096-9071(199906)58:2<139::aid-jmv7>3.0.co;2-7. View

Mittal G, Gupta P, Thakuria B, Mukhiya G, Mittal M . Profile of hepatitis B virus, hepatitis C virus, hepatitis d virus and human immunodeficiency virus infections in hemodialysis patients of a tertiary care hospital in uttarakhand. J Clin Exp Hepatol. 2015; 3(1):24-8. PMC: 3940102. DOI: 10.1016/j.jceh.2013.02.003. View

Sypsa V, Psichogiou M, Katsoulidou A, Skoutelis G, Moutafis S, Hadjiconstantinou V . Incidence and patterns of hepatitis C virus seroconversion in a cohort of hemodialysis patients. Am J Kidney Dis. 2005; 45(2):334-43. DOI: 10.1053/j.ajkd.2004.09.021. View

Win N, Kanda T, Nakamoto S, Yokosuka O, Shirasawa H . Hepatitis C virus genotypes in Myanmar. World J Gastroenterol. 2016; 22(27):6095-9. PMC: 4945971. DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v22.i27.6095. View

10.

Prakash S, Shukla S, Ramakrishna V, Jain A . Distribution of hepatitis C genotypes in Uttar Pradesh, India; rare genotype 4 detected. J Med Virol. 2018; 90(12):1875-1881. DOI: 10.1002/jmv.25277. View

11.

Sievert W, Altraif I, Razavi H, Abdo A, Ahmed E, AlOmair A . A systematic review of hepatitis C virus epidemiology in Asia, Australia and Egypt. Liver Int. 2011; 31 Suppl 2:61-80. DOI: 10.1111/j.1478-3231.2011.02540.x. View

12.

Malhotra R, Soin D, Grover P, Galhotra S, Khutan H, Kaur N . Hepatitis B virus and hepatitis C virus co-infection in hemodialysis patients: A retrospective study from a tertiary care hospital of North India. J Nat Sci Biol Med. 2016; 7(1):72-4. PMC: 4780172. DOI: 10.4103/0976-9668.175076. View

13.

Wigneswaran J, Van Wyck D, Pegues D, Gholam P, Nissenson A . Hepatitis C virus infection in patients with end-stage renal disease. Hemodial Int. 2018; 22(3):297-307. DOI: 10.1111/hdi.12672. View

14.

Kalantari H, Ebadi S, Yaran M, Maracy M, Shahshahan Z . Prevalence and risk factors of hepatitis B and C viruses among hemodialysis patients in Isfahan, Iran. Adv Biomed Res. 2014; 3:73. PMC: 3950836. DOI: 10.4103/2277-9175.125869. View

15.

Kumar S, Tamura K, Nei M . MEGA3: Integrated software for Molecular Evolutionary Genetics Analysis and sequence alignment. Brief Bioinform. 2004; 5(2):150-63. DOI: 10.1093/bib/5.2.150. View

16.

Duong C, McLaws M . An investigation of an outbreak of hepatitis C virus infections in a low-resourced hemodialysis unit in Vietnam. Am J Infect Control. 2016; 44(5):560-6. DOI: 10.1016/j.ajic.2016.01.014. View

17.

Datta S, Goel N, Wattal C . Utility of routine real time quantitative PCR monitoring of HCV infection in haemodialysis patients. Indian J Med Microbiol. 2015; 33 Suppl:106-11. DOI: 10.4103/0255-0857.148832. View

18.

Roy P, Patel A, Lole K, Gupta R, Kumar A, Hazra S . Prevalence and genotyping pattern of hepatitis C virus among patients on maintenance hemodialysis at five centers in Pune, India. Med J Armed Forces India. 2019; 75(1):74-80. PMC: 6349655. DOI: 10.1016/j.mjafi.2018.08.001. View

19.

Verma V, Chakravarti A . Comparison of 5' noncoding-core with 5' noncoding regions of HCV by RT-PCR: importance and clinical implications. Curr Microbiol. 2008; 57(3):206-11. DOI: 10.1007/s00284-008-9175-z. View

20.

Senatore S, Galli C, Conti A, Faccini M, Cantoni S, Ciconali G . Hepatitis C virus outbreak in a haemodialysis unit: learning from failures. J Hosp Infect. 2016; 94(3):249-252. DOI: 10.1016/j.jhin.2016.07.021. View