Vitamin D Metabolism and Its Role in Mineral and Bone Disorders in Chronic Kidney Disease in Humans, Dogs and Cats

Overview

Journal Metabolites

Publisher MDPI

Date 2020 Dec 9

PMID 33291777

Citations 6

Authors

Fernanda C Chacar

Marcia M Kogika

Rafael V A Zafalon

Marcio A Brunetto

Affiliations

Soon will be listed here.

Abstract

Some differences regarding Vitamin D metabolism are described in dogs and cats in comparison with humans, which may be explained by an evolutionary drive among these species. Similarly, vitamin D is one of the most important regulators of mineral metabolism in dogs and cats, as well as in humans. Mineral metabolism is intrinsically related to bone metabolism, thus disturbances in vitamin D have been implicated in the development of chronic kidney disease mineral and bone disorders (CKD-MBD) in people, in addition to dogs and cats. Vitamin D deficiency may be associated with Renal Secondary Hyperparathyroidism (RSHPT), which is the most common mineral disorder in later stages of CKD in dogs and cats. Herein, we review the peculiarities of vitamin D metabolism in these species in comparison with humans, and the role of vitamin D disturbances in the development of CKD-MBD among dogs, cats, and people. Comparative studies may offer some evidence to help further research about vitamin D metabolism and bone disorders in CKD.

Citing Articles

Parathyroid Hormone Concentration in Dogs Affected by Acute Kidney Injury Compared with Healthy and Chronic Kidney Disease.

Zambarbieri J, Monari E, Dondi F, Moretti P, Giordano A, Scarpa P Vet Sci. 2025; 12(2).

PMID: 40005891 PMC: 11861502. DOI: 10.3390/vetsci12020131.

The Preventive Impact of Chokeberry ( L.) Extract Regarding the Disruption of Calcium and Phosphorus Homeostasis and Chosen Pathways of Its Regulation in an Animal Model of General Population Exposure to Cadmium.

Brzoska M, Galazyn-Sidorczuk M, Rogalska J Nutrients. 2025; 17(4).

PMID: 40005030 PMC: 11858106. DOI: 10.3390/nu17040702.

Mouse Models of Mineral Bone Disorders Associated with Chronic Kidney Disease.

Zaloszyc A, Bernardor J, Bacchetta J, Laverny G, Peter Schmitt C Int J Mol Sci. 2023; 24(6).

PMID: 36982400 PMC: 10048881. DOI: 10.3390/ijms24065325.

Body Composition of Healthy Cats and Cats with Chronic Kidney Disease Fed on a Dry Diet Low in Phosphorus with Maintenance Protein.

Machado D, Ruberti B, Teixeira F, Vendramini T, Pfrimer K, Chacar F Toxins (Basel). 2022; 14(12).

PMID: 36548762 PMC: 9781026. DOI: 10.3390/toxins14120865.

Cannabidiol improves thyroid function via modulating vitamin D receptor in vitamin D deficiency diet-induced rat model.

Trivedi M, Mondal S, Jana S J Food Sci Technol. 2022; 59(8):3237-3244.

PMID: 35872737 PMC: 9304503. DOI: 10.1007/s13197-022-05492-3.

References

Coresh J, Selvin E, Stevens L, Manzi J, Kusek J, Eggers P . Prevalence of chronic kidney disease in the United States. JAMA. 2007; 298(17):2038-47. DOI: 10.1001/jama.298.17.2038. View

Kuro-O M . The Klotho proteins in health and disease. Nat Rev Nephrol. 2018; 15(1):27-44. DOI: 10.1038/s41581-018-0078-3. View

Webster A, Nagler E, Morton R, Masson P . Chronic Kidney Disease. Lancet. 2016; 389(10075):1238-1252. DOI: 10.1016/S0140-6736(16)32064-5. View

Stenvinkel P, Painer J, Kuro-O M, Lanaspa M, Arnold W, Ruf T . Novel treatment strategies for chronic kidney disease: insights from the animal kingdom. Nat Rev Nephrol. 2018; 14(4):265-284. DOI: 10.1038/nrneph.2017.169. View

Fukumoto S . Phosphate metabolism and vitamin D. Bonekey Rep. 2014; 3:497. PMC: 3944128. DOI: 10.1038/bonekey.2013.231. View

Ooms N, van Daal H, Beijers A, Gerrits G, Semmekrot B, van den Ouweland J . Time-course analysis of 3-epi-25-hydroxyvitamin D3 shows markedly elevated levels in early life, particularly from vitamin D supplementation in preterm infants. Pediatr Res. 2015; 79(4):647-53. DOI: 10.1038/pr.2015.251. View

Otero A, de Francisco A, Gayoso P, Garcia F . Prevalence of chronic renal disease in Spain: results of the EPIRCE study. Nefrologia. 2009; 30(1):78-86. DOI: 10.3265/Nefrologia.pre2009.Dic.5732. View

Kuro-O M . Phosphate and Klotho. Kidney Int Suppl. 2011; (121):S20-3. PMC: 3260960. DOI: 10.1038/ki.2011.26. View

Parker V, Harjes L, Dembek K, Young G, Chew D, Toribio R . Association of Vitamin D Metabolites with Parathyroid Hormone, Fibroblast Growth Factor-23, Calcium, and Phosphorus in Dogs with Various Stages of Chronic Kidney Disease. J Vet Intern Med. 2017; 31(3):791-798. PMC: 5435068. DOI: 10.1111/jvim.14653. View

10.

Rodriguez Portillo M, Rodriguez-Ortiz M . Secondary Hyperparthyroidism: Pathogenesis, Diagnosis, Preventive and Therapeutic Strategies. Rev Endocr Metab Disord. 2017; 18(1):79-95. DOI: 10.1007/s11154-017-9421-4. View

11.

Levin A, Li Y . Vitamin D and its analogues: do they protect against cardiovascular disease in patients with kidney disease?. Kidney Int. 2005; 68(5):1973-81. DOI: 10.1111/j.1523-1755.2005.00651.x. View

12.

Kuro-O M . Klotho and the aging process. Korean J Intern Med. 2011; 26(2):113-22. PMC: 3110841. DOI: 10.3904/kjim.2011.26.2.113. View

13.

Kuro-O M . A potential link between phosphate and aging--lessons from Klotho-deficient mice. Mech Ageing Dev. 2010; 131(4):270-5. PMC: 2862786. DOI: 10.1016/j.mad.2010.02.008. View

14.

Fine A . Remnant kidney metabolism in the dog. J Am Soc Nephrol. 1991; 2(1):70-6. DOI: 10.1681/ASN.V2170. View

15.

Peacock M . Calcium metabolism in health and disease. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol. 2010; 5 Suppl 1:S23-30. DOI: 10.2215/CJN.05910809. View

16.

Greene J, Lefebvre S, Wang M, Yang M, Lund E, Polzin D . Risk factors associated with the development of chronic kidney disease in cats evaluated at primary care veterinary hospitals. J Am Vet Med Assoc. 2014; 244(3):320-7. DOI: 10.2460/javma.244.3.320. View

17.

Goodman W . Calcium-sensing receptors. Semin Nephrol. 2004; 24(1):17-24. DOI: 10.1053/j.semnephrol.2003.08.017. View

18.

Palmer S, McGregor D, Macaskill P, Craig J, Elder G, Strippoli G . Meta-analysis: vitamin D compounds in chronic kidney disease. Ann Intern Med. 2007; 147(12):840-53. DOI: 10.7326/0003-4819-147-12-200712180-00004. View

19.

Horst R, Reinhardt T, Russell J, Napoli J . The isolation and identification of vitamin D2 and vitamin D3 from Medicago sativa (alfalfa plant). Arch Biochem Biophys. 1984; 231(1):67-71. DOI: 10.1016/0003-9861(84)90363-1. View

20.

How K, Hazewinkel H, Mol J . Dietary vitamin D dependence of cat and dog due to inadequate cutaneous synthesis of vitamin D. Gen Comp Endocrinol. 1994; 96(1):12-8. DOI: 10.1006/gcen.1994.1154. View