Potential Role of GcMAF in Suppressing the Severity of COVID-19-induced Immune Responses: Lesson Learned from HIV

Overview

Journal Med Hypotheses

Specialty General Medicine

Date 2020 Dec 1

PMID 33254486

Citations 1

Authors

Lucrezia Spadera

Maria Spadera

Affiliations

Soon will be listed here.

Citing Articles

Analysis of the Biological Properties of Blood Plasma Protein with GcMAF Functional Activity.

Dolgova E, Kirikovich S, Levites E, Ruzanova V, Proskurina A, Ritter G Int J Mol Sci. 2022; 23(15).

PMID: 35897653 PMC: 9330714. DOI: 10.3390/ijms23158075.

References

Saburi E, Saburi A, Ghanei M . Promising role for Gc-MAF in cancer immunotherapy: from bench to bedside. Caspian J Intern Med. 2017; 8(4):228-238. PMC: 5686300. DOI: 10.22088/cjim.8.4.228. View

Tang N, Li D, Wang X, Sun Z . Abnormal coagulation parameters are associated with poor prognosis in patients with novel coronavirus pneumonia. J Thromb Haemost. 2020; 18(4):844-847. PMC: 7166509. DOI: 10.1111/jth.14768. View

Yamamoto N . Pathogenic significance of alpha-N-acetylgalactosaminidase activity found in the envelope glycoprotein gp160 of human immunodeficiency virus Type 1. AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses. 2006; 22(3):262-71. DOI: 10.1089/aid.2006.22.262. View

Inui T, Kuchiike D, Kubo K, Mette M, Uto Y, Hori H . Clinical experience of integrative cancer immunotherapy with GcMAF. Anticancer Res. 2013; 33(7):2917-9. View

Lee W, Galbraith R . The extracellular actin-scavenger system and actin toxicity. N Engl J Med. 1992; 326(20):1335-41. DOI: 10.1056/NEJM199205143262006. View

Inui T, Makita K, Miura H, Matsuda A, Kuchiike D, Kubo K . Case report: A breast cancer patient treated with GcMAF, sonodynamic therapy and hormone therapy. Anticancer Res. 2014; 34(8):4589-93. View

Laing C, Fraser D . Changes with malnutrition in the concentration of plasma vitamin D binding protein in growing rats. Br J Nutr. 2002; 88(2):133-9. DOI: 10.1079/BJNBJN2002611. View

Huang C, Wang Y, Li X, Ren L, Zhao J, Hu Y . Clinical features of patients infected with 2019 novel coronavirus in Wuhan, China. Lancet. 2020; 395(10223):497-506. PMC: 7159299. DOI: 10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30183-5. View

Nagasawa H, Uto Y, Sasaki H, Okamura N, Murakami A, Kubo S . Gc protein (vitamin D-binding protein): Gc genotyping and GcMAF precursor activity. Anticancer Res. 2005; 25(6A):3689-95. View

10.

Zhang S, Li L, Shen A, Chen Y, Qi Z . Rational Use of Tocilizumab in the Treatment of Novel Coronavirus Pneumonia. Clin Drug Investig. 2020; 40(6):511-518. PMC: 7183818. DOI: 10.1007/s40261-020-00917-3. View

11.

Tian S, Xiong Y, Liu H, Niu L, Guo J, Liao M . Pathological study of the 2019 novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) through postmortem core biopsies. Mod Pathol. 2020; 33(6):1007-1014. PMC: 7156231. DOI: 10.1038/s41379-020-0536-x. View

12.

Lips P . Vitamin D physiology. Prog Biophys Mol Biol. 2006; 92(1):4-8. DOI: 10.1016/j.pbiomolbio.2006.02.016. View

13.

Barton L, Duval E, Stroberg E, Ghosh S, Mukhopadhyay S . COVID-19 Autopsies, Oklahoma, USA. Am J Clin Pathol. 2020; 153(6):725-733. PMC: 7184436. DOI: 10.1093/ajcp/aqaa062. View

14.

Saburi E, Tavakol-Afshari J, Biglari S, Mortazavi Y . Is α-N-acetylgalactosaminidase the key to curing cancer? A mini-review and hypothesis. J BUON. 2018; 22(6):1372-1377. View

15.

Dahl B, Schiodt F, Ott P, Wians F, Lee W, Balko J . Plasma concentration of Gc-globulin is associated with organ dysfunction and sepsis after injury. Crit Care Med. 2003; 31(1):152-6. DOI: 10.1097/00003246-200301000-00024. View

16.

Li H, Liu L, Zhang D, Xu J, Dai H, Tang N . SARS-CoV-2 and viral sepsis: observations and hypotheses. Lancet. 2020; 395(10235):1517-1520. PMC: 7164875. DOI: 10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30920-X. View

17.

Yam J, Kwok A . Ocular toxicity of hydroxychloroquine. Hong Kong Med J. 2006; 12(4):294-304. View

18.

Yamamoto N, Naraparaju V, Orchard P . Defective lymphocyte glycosidases in the macrophage activation cascade of juvenile osteopetrosis. Blood. 1996; 88(4):1473-8. View

19.

Xu Z, Shi L, Wang Y, Zhang J, Huang L, Zhang C . Pathological findings of COVID-19 associated with acute respiratory distress syndrome. Lancet Respir Med. 2020; 8(4):420-422. PMC: 7164771. DOI: 10.1016/S2213-2600(20)30076-X. View

20.

Frisk-Holmberg M, Bergqvist Y, Englund U . Chloroquine intoxication. Br J Clin Pharmacol. 1983; 15(4):502-3. PMC: 1427797. DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2125.1983.tb01540.x. View