Immune Response to Tick-Borne Hemoparasites: Host Adaptive Immune Response Mechanisms As Potential Targets for Therapies and Vaccines

Overview

Journal Int J Mol Sci

Publisher MDPI

Specialties Biochemistry
Chemistry
Molecular Biology

Date 2020 Nov 25

PMID 33233869

Citations 9

Authors

Alessandra Torina

Valeria Blanda

Sara Villari

Antonio Piazza

Francesco La Russa

Francesca Grippi

Marco Pio La Manna

Diana Di Liberto

Jose de la Fuente

Guido Sireci

Affiliations

Soon will be listed here.

Abstract

Tick-transmitted pathogens cause infectious diseases in both humans and animals. Different types of adaptive immune mechanisms could be induced in hosts by these microorganisms, triggered either directly by pathogen antigens or indirectly through soluble factors, such as cytokines and/or chemokines, secreted by host cells as response. Adaptive immunity effectors, such as antibody secretion and cytotoxic and/or T helper cell responses, are mainly involved in the late and long-lasting protective immune response. Proteins and/or epitopes derived from pathogens and tick vectors have been isolated and characterized for the immune response induced in different hosts. This review was focused on the interactions between tick-borne pathogenic hemoparasites and different host effector mechanisms of T- and/or B cell-mediated adaptive immunity, describing the efforts to define immunodominant proteins or epitopes for vaccine development and/or immunotherapeutic purposes. A better understanding of these mechanisms of host immunity could lead to the assessment of possible new immunotherapies for these pathogens as well as to the prediction of possible new candidate vaccine antigens.

Citing Articles

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