Instructed Versus Spontaneous Entrainment of Running Cadence to Music Tempo

Overview

Journal Ann N Y Acad Sci

Specialty Science

Date 2020 Nov 19

PMID 33210323

Citations 5

Authors

Edith Van Dyck

Jeska Buhmann

Valerio Lorenzoni

Affiliations

Soon will be listed here.

Abstract

Matching exercise behavior to musical beats has been shown to favorably affect repetitive endurance tasks. In this study, our aim was to explore the role of spontaneous versus instructed entrainment, focusing on self-paced exercise of healthy, recreational runners. For three 4-min running tasks, 33 recreational participants were either running in silence or with music; when running with music, either no instructions were given to entrain to the music, or participants were instructed to match their running cadence with the tempo of the music. The results indicated that less entrainment occurred when no instruction to match the exercise with the musical tempo was provided. In addition, similar to the condition without music, lower speeds and shorter step lengths were observed when runners were instructed to match their running behavior to the musical tempo when compared with the condition without such instruction. Our findings demonstrate the impact of instruction on running performance and stress the importance of intention to entrain running behavior to musical beats.

Citing Articles

The Effectiveness and Perceptions of Three Moderate Intensity Walking Cadence Aids and their Effects on Affective States: A Mixed Methods Study.

Brown D, Gray P, Doherty J, Simpson E Int J Exerc Sci. 2024; 17(5):531-550.

PMID: 38665137 PMC: 11042854. DOI: 10.70252/AJGX4578.

Amplitude envelope onset characteristics modulate phase locking for speech auditory-motor synchronization.

Zhu M, Chen F, Shi C, Zhang Y Psychon Bull Rev. 2024; 31(4):1661-1669.

PMID: 38227125 DOI: 10.3758/s13423-023-02446-4.

Auditory interaction between runners: Does footstep sound affect step frequency of neighboring runners?.

Furukawa H, Kudo K, Kubo K, Ding J, Saito A PLoS One. 2023; 18(1):e0280147.

PMID: 36608023 PMC: 9821460. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0280147.

Neural Entrainment Meets Behavior: The Stability Index as a Neural Outcome Measure of Auditory-Motor Coupling.

Rosso M, Leman M, Moumdjian L Front Hum Neurosci. 2021; 15:668918.

PMID: 34177492 PMC: 8219856. DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2021.668918.

The Influence of Music Preference on Exercise Responses and Performance: A Review.

Ballmann C J Funct Morphol Kinesiol. 2021; 6(2).

PMID: 33917781 PMC: 8167645. DOI: 10.3390/jfmk6020033.

References

Mendonca C, Oliveira M, Fontes L, Santos J . The effect of instruction to synchronize over step frequency while walking with auditory cues on a treadmill. Hum Mov Sci. 2014; 33:33-42. DOI: 10.1016/j.humov.2013.11.006. View

Buhmann J, Desmet F, Moens B, Van Dyck E, Leman M . Spontaneous Velocity Effect of Musical Expression on Self-Paced Walking. PLoS One. 2016; 11(5):e0154414. PMC: 4864300. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0154414. View

Styns F, van Noorden L, Moelants D, Leman M . Walking on music. Hum Mov Sci. 2007; 26(5):769-85. DOI: 10.1016/j.humov.2007.07.007. View

Sowinski J, Bella S . Poor synchronization to the beat may result from deficient auditory-motor mapping. Neuropsychologia. 2013; 51(10):1952-63. DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2013.06.027. View

Rossignol S, Jones G . Audio-spinal influence in man studied by the H-reflex and its possible role on rhythmic movements synchronized to sound. Electroencephalogr Clin Neurophysiol. 1976; 41(1):83-92. DOI: 10.1016/0013-4694(76)90217-0. View

Brownley K, McMurray R, Hackney A . Effects of music on physiological and affective responses to graded treadmill exercise in trained and untrained runners. Int J Psychophysiol. 1995; 19(3):193-201. DOI: 10.1016/0167-8760(95)00007-f. View

Launay J, Grube M, Stewart L . Dysrhythmia: a specific congenital rhythm perception deficit. Front Psychol. 2014; 5:18. PMC: 3913998. DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2014.00018. View

Scheurich R, Zamm A, Palmer C . Tapping Into Rate Flexibility: Musical Training Facilitates Synchronization Around Spontaneous Production Rates. Front Psychol. 2018; 9:458. PMC: 5897499. DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2018.00458. View

Lim H, Karageorghis C, Romer L, Bishop D . Psychophysiological effects of synchronous versus asynchronous music during cycling. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2014; 46(2):407-13. DOI: 10.1249/MSS.0b013e3182a6378c. View

10.

Ferber R, Noehren B, Hamill J, Davis I . Competitive female runners with a history of iliotibial band syndrome demonstrate atypical hip and knee kinematics. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther. 2010; 40(2):52-8. DOI: 10.2519/jospt.2010.3028. View

11.

Ounpuu S . The biomechanics of walking and running. Clin Sports Med. 1994; 13(4):843-63. View

12.

Faul F, Erdfelder E, Lang A, Buchner A . G*Power 3: a flexible statistical power analysis program for the social, behavioral, and biomedical sciences. Behav Res Methods. 2007; 39(2):175-91. DOI: 10.3758/bf03193146. View

13.

Taunton J, Ryan M, Clement D, McKenzie D, Lloyd-Smith D, Zumbo B . A retrospective case-control analysis of 2002 running injuries. Br J Sports Med. 2002; 36(2):95-101. PMC: 1724490. DOI: 10.1136/bjsm.36.2.95. View

14.

Moumdjian L, Moens B, Vanzeir E, De Klerck B, Feys P, Leman M . A model of different cognitive processes during spontaneous and intentional coupling to music in multiple sclerosis. Ann N Y Acad Sci. 2019; 1445(1):27-38. DOI: 10.1111/nyas.14023. View

15.

Priest D, Karageorghis C, Sharp N . The characteristics and effects of motivational music in exercise settings: the possible influence of gender, age, frequency of attendance, and time of attendance. J Sports Med Phys Fitness. 2004; 44(1):77-86. View

16.

Karageorghis C, DREW K, Terry P . Effects of pretest stimulative and sedative music on grip strength. Percept Mot Skills. 1996; 83(3 Pt 2):1347-52. DOI: 10.2466/pms.1996.83.3f.1347. View

17.

Yamashita S, Iwai K, Akimoto T, Sugawara J, Kono I . Effects of music during exercise on RPE, heart rate and the autonomic nervous system. J Sports Med Phys Fitness. 2006; 46(3):425-30. View

18.

Leow L, Waclawik K, Grahn J . The role of attention and intention in synchronization to music: effects on gait. Exp Brain Res. 2017; 236(1):99-115. DOI: 10.1007/s00221-017-5110-5. View

19.

Karageorghis C, Mouzourides D, Priest D, Sasso T, Morrish D, Walley C . Psychophysical and ergogenic effects of synchronous music during treadmill walking. J Sport Exerc Psychol. 2009; 31(1):18-36. DOI: 10.1123/jsep.31.1.18. View

20.

Bood R, Nijssen M, van der Kamp J, Roerdink M . The power of auditory-motor synchronization in sports: enhancing running performance by coupling cadence with the right beats. PLoS One. 2013; 8(8):e70758. PMC: 3737354. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0070758. View