Prevention of Diabetes and Cardiovascular Disease in Obesity

Overview

Journal Int J Mol Sci

Publisher MDPI

Specialties Biochemistry
Chemistry
Molecular Biology

Date 2020 Nov 4

PMID 33142938

Citations 61

Authors

Lucia La Sala

Antonio E Pontiroli

Affiliations

Soon will be listed here.

Abstract

Obesity is one of the major risk factors for the development of both impaired glucose tolerance (IGT, or prediabetes) and type 2 diabetes (T2D), and its prevalence worldwide drives toward an increased rate of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Given the estimations of the World Health Organization (WHO) and the recommendation of the Diabetes Prevention Program (DPP), where IGT and diabetes are considered as risk factors for the development of cardiovascular complications and obesity, the development of diabetes should be treated because of its potential reversibility. In this view, several interventions such as diet, lifestyle changes, and pharmacological treatment are effective, including bariatric metabolic surgery (BMS), which is the most incisive way to efficiently lower body weight. In this review, we sought to summarize some of the major aspects linked to diabetes prevention in overweight/obesity, focusing on the use of surgery; we also attempted to elucidate molecular pathways involved in a variety of obesity-induced processes able to favor the progression of chronic diseases, such as diabetes and its complications.

Citing Articles

Obesity and Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease: A Review of Social and Biobehavioral Pathways.

Shahid I, Zakaria F, Chang R, Javed U, Amin Z, Al-Kindi S Methodist Debakey Cardiovasc J. 2025; 21(2):23-34.

PMID: 39990759 PMC: 11843985. DOI: 10.14797/mdcvj.1528.

The Relationship Between the Percent Coefficient of Variation of Sensor Glucose Levels and the Risk of Severe Hypoglycemia or Non-Severe Hypoglycemia in Patients With Type 1 Diabetes: Post Hoc Analysis of the ISCHIA Study.

Murata T, Matsuhisa M, Kuroda A, Toyoda M, Hirota Y, Ogura M J Diabetes Sci Technol. 2025; :19322968251318756.

PMID: 39960254 PMC: 11833795. DOI: 10.1177/19322968251318756.

Correlation between Obesity and Risk Factors of Cardiovascular Diseases in Military Personnel.

Eghbalian M, Akbari H, Norozi M, Nasab H, Karamali M, Imani M Iran J Public Health. 2025; 54(1):205-213.

PMID: 39902361 PMC: 11787832. DOI: 10.18502/ijph.v54i1.17592.

Triglyceride glucose-waist circumference as a useful predictor for diabetes mellitus: a secondary retrospective analysis utilizing a Japanese cohort study.

Li Y, Shan L, Wen Q, Cao C, Huang M, Zhang C BMC Endocr Disord. 2025; 25(1):17.

PMID: 39849436 PMC: 11755913. DOI: 10.1186/s12902-025-01834-2.

Neuroprotective effect of sulforaphane on hyperglycemia-induced cognitive dysfunction through the Nrf2/HO-1 pathway.

Wang G, Wang L, Zhang X, Wei Z, Wang K, Wang J Int J Clin Exp Pathol. 2025; 17(12):469-476.

PMID: 39802873 PMC: 11711481. DOI: 10.62347/CHBJ5517.

References

Pontiroli A, Ceriani V, Sarro G, Micheletto G, Giovanelli A, Zakaria A . Incidence of Diabetes Mellitus, Cardiovascular Diseases, and Cancer in Patients Undergoing Malabsorptive Surgery (Biliopancreatic Diversion and Biliointestinal Bypass) vs Medical Treatment. Obes Surg. 2018; 29(3):935-942. DOI: 10.1007/s11695-018-3601-5. View

Galkina E, Ley K . Immune and inflammatory mechanisms of atherosclerosis (*). Annu Rev Immunol. 2009; 27:165-97. PMC: 2734407. DOI: 10.1146/annurev.immunol.021908.132620. View

Gloyn A, Weedon M, Owen K, Turner M, Knight B, Hitman G . Large-scale association studies of variants in genes encoding the pancreatic beta-cell KATP channel subunits Kir6.2 (KCNJ11) and SUR1 (ABCC8) confirm that the KCNJ11 E23K variant is associated with type 2 diabetes. Diabetes. 2003; 52(2):568-72. DOI: 10.2337/diabetes.52.2.568. View

Knowler W, Barrett-Connor E, Fowler S, Hamman R, Lachin J, Walker E . Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin. N Engl J Med. 2002; 346(6):393-403. PMC: 1370926. DOI: 10.1056/NEJMoa012512. View

Altshuler D, Hirschhorn J, Klannemark M, Lindgren C, Vohl M, Nemesh J . The common PPARgamma Pro12Ala polymorphism is associated with decreased risk of type 2 diabetes. Nat Genet. 2000; 26(1):76-80. DOI: 10.1038/79216. View

Lundkvist P, Pereira M, Katsogiannos P, Sjostrom C, Johnsson E, Eriksson J . Dapagliflozin once daily plus exenatide once weekly in obese adults without diabetes: Sustained reductions in body weight, glycaemia and blood pressure over 1 year. Diabetes Obes Metab. 2017; 19(9):1276-1288. PMC: 5575470. DOI: 10.1111/dom.12954. View

Prattichizzo F, La Sala L, Ryden L, Marx N, Ferrini M, Valensi P . Glucose-lowering therapies in patients with type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular diseases. Eur J Prev Cardiol. 2019; 26(2_suppl):73-80. DOI: 10.1177/2047487319880040. View

Belarbi Y, Mejhert N, Lorente-Cebrian S, Dahlman I, Arner P, Ryden M . MicroRNA-193b Controls Adiponectin Production in Human White Adipose Tissue. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2015; 100(8):E1084-8. DOI: 10.1210/jc.2015-1530. View

Nathan D, Genuth S, Lachin J, Cleary P, Crofford O, Davis M . The effect of intensive treatment of diabetes on the development and progression of long-term complications in insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. N Engl J Med. 1993; 329(14):977-86. DOI: 10.1056/NEJM199309303291401. View

10.

Wiebe N, Stenvinkel P, Tonelli M . Associations of Chronic Inflammation, Insulin Resistance, and Severe Obesity With Mortality, Myocardial Infarction, Cancer, and Chronic Pulmonary Disease. JAMA Netw Open. 2019; 2(8):e1910456. PMC: 6724168. DOI: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2019.10456. View

11.

Twig G, Afek A, Derazne E, Tzur D, Cukierman-Yaffe T, Gerstein H . Diabetes risk among overweight and obese metabolically healthy young adults. Diabetes Care. 2014; 37(11):2989-95. DOI: 10.2337/dc14-0869. View

12.

Bjerregaard L, Jensen B, Angquist L, Osler M, Sorensen T, Baker J . Change in Overweight from Childhood to Early Adulthood and Risk of Type 2 Diabetes. N Engl J Med. 2018; 378(14):1302-1312. DOI: 10.1056/NEJMoa1713231. View

13.

Henriksson H, Henriksson P, Tynelius P, Ekstedt M, Berglind D, Labayen I . Cardiorespiratory fitness, muscular strength, and obesity in adolescence and later chronic disability due to cardiovascular disease: a cohort study of 1 million men. Eur Heart J. 2019; 41(15):1503-1510. PMC: 7154806. DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehz774. View

14.

Sharma A, Rizky L, Stefanovic N, Tate M, Ritchie R, Ward K . The nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like 2 (Nrf2) activator dh404 protects against diabetes-induced endothelial dysfunction. Cardiovasc Diabetol. 2017; 16(1):33. PMC: 5335831. DOI: 10.1186/s12933-017-0513-y. View

15.

Merlotti C, Morabito A, Ceriani V, Pontiroli A . Prevention of type 2 diabetes in obese at-risk subjects: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Acta Diabetol. 2014; 51(5):853-63. DOI: 10.1007/s00592-014-0624-9. View

16.

Saltiel A, Kahn C . Insulin signalling and the regulation of glucose and lipid metabolism. Nature. 2001; 414(6865):799-806. DOI: 10.1038/414799a. View

17.

Frayling T . Genome-wide association studies provide new insights into type 2 diabetes aetiology. Nat Rev Genet. 2007; 8(9):657-62. DOI: 10.1038/nrg2178. View

18.

Frayling T, Timpson N, Weedon M, Zeggini E, Freathy R, Lindgren C . A common variant in the FTO gene is associated with body mass index and predisposes to childhood and adult obesity. Science. 2007; 316(5826):889-94. PMC: 2646098. DOI: 10.1126/science.1141634. View

19.

Solt L, Wang Y, Banerjee S, Hughes T, Kojetin D, Lundasen T . Regulation of circadian behaviour and metabolism by synthetic REV-ERB agonists. Nature. 2012; 485(7396):62-8. PMC: 3343186. DOI: 10.1038/nature11030. View

20.

Hubal M, Nadler E, Ferrante S, Barberio M, Suh J, Wang J . Circulating adipocyte-derived exosomal MicroRNAs associated with decreased insulin resistance after gastric bypass. Obesity (Silver Spring). 2016; 25(1):102-110. PMC: 5182153. DOI: 10.1002/oby.21709. View