Divergent Trends in Lifetime Drinking and Smoking Between Black and White Americans Diagnosed with Chronic Pancreatitis

Overview

Journal Pancreatology

Specialties Endocrinology
Gastroenterology

Date 2020 Nov 2

PMID 33132046

Authors

Christie Y Jeon

Robert Feldman

Felicity J Pendergast

Samer AlKaade

Randall E Brand

Nalini Guda

Bimaljit S Sandhu

Vikesh K Singh

C Mel Wilcox

Adam Slivka

David C Whitcomb

Dhiraj Yadav

Affiliations

Soon will be listed here.

Abstract

Background/objectives: Black Americans are at increased risk of chronic pancreatitis (CP) compared to their White counterparts. We aimed to describe the race-specific smoking history and lifetime drinking in patients diagnosed with CP.

Methods: We analyzed data on 334 Black and White CP participants of the North American Pancreatitis Study 2 Continuation and Validation Study and Ancillary Study. Lifetime drinking history and lifetime smoking history were collected through in-person interviews. Intensity, frequency, duration and current status of drinking and smoking were compared between Black and White CP participants, stratified by physician-defined alcohol etiology. In addition, drinking levels at each successive decades in life (20s, 30s, 40s) were compared by race and graphically portrayed as heat diagrams.

Results: Among patients with alcoholic CP, current smoking levels were not different by race (67-70%), but a smaller proportion of Black patients reported having smoked 1 or more packs per day in the past (32%) as compared to White patients (58%, p < 0.0001). Black patients were more likely to report current consumption of alcohol (31%), as opposed to White patients (17%, p = 0.016). Black patients also reported more intense drinking at age 35 and 45 years as compared to White patients, while age at CP onset were similar between the two groups.

Conclusion: We found more intense drinking but less intense smoking history in Black CP patients as compared to White CP patients. Effective alcohol abstinence and smoking cessation program with sustained impact are needed in CP patients.

References

Whitcomb D, LaRusch J, Krasinskas A, Klei L, Smith J, Brand R . Common genetic variants in the CLDN2 and PRSS1-PRSS2 loci alter risk for alcohol-related and sporadic pancreatitis. Nat Genet. 2012; 44(12):1349-54. PMC: 3510344. DOI: 10.1038/ng.2466. View

Wilcox C, Yadav D, Ye T, Gardner T, Gelrud A, Sandhu B . Chronic pancreatitis pain pattern and severity are independent of abdominal imaging findings. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2014; 13(3):552-60. PMC: 5019545. DOI: 10.1016/j.cgh.2014.10.015. View

Bluthenthal R, Jacobson J, Robinson P . Are racial disparities in alcohol treatment completion associated with racial differences in treatment modality entry? Comparison of outpatient treatment and residential treatment in Los Angeles County, 1998 to 2000. Alcohol Clin Exp Res. 2007; 31(11):1920-6. DOI: 10.1111/j.1530-0277.2007.00515.x. View

Setiawan V, Pandol S, Porcel J, Wilkens L, Le Marchand L, Pike M . Prospective Study of Alcohol Drinking, Smoking, and Pancreatitis: The Multiethnic Cohort. Pancreas. 2016; 45(6):819-25. PMC: 4905778. DOI: 10.1097/MPA.0000000000000657. View

Chaloupka F, Pacula R . Sex and race differences in young people's responsiveness to price and tobacco control policies. Tob Control. 2000; 8(4):373-7. PMC: 1759747. DOI: 10.1136/tc.8.4.373. View

Frey C, Zhou H, Harvey D, White R . The incidence and case-fatality rates of acute biliary, alcoholic, and idiopathic pancreatitis in California, 1994-2001. Pancreas. 2006; 33(4):336-44. DOI: 10.1097/01.mpa.0000236727.16370.99. View

Wilcox C, Sandhu B, Singh V, Gelrud A, Abberbock J, Sherman S . Racial Differences in the Clinical Profile, Causes, and Outcome of Chronic Pancreatitis. Am J Gastroenterol. 2016; 111(10):1488-1496. PMC: 6196097. DOI: 10.1038/ajg.2016.316. View

Evans Phillips A, LaRusch J, Greer P, Abberbock J, AlKaade S, Amann S . Known genetic susceptibility factors for chronic pancreatitis in patients of European ancestry are rare in patients of African ancestry. Pancreatology. 2018; 18(5):528-535. PMC: 8715541. DOI: 10.1016/j.pan.2018.05.482. View

Jeon C, Whitcomb D, Slivka A, Brand R, Gelrud A, Tang G . Lifetime Drinking History of Persons With Chronic Pancreatitis. Alcohol Alcohol. 2019; 54(6):615-624. PMC: 6895458. DOI: 10.1093/alcalc/agz072. View

10.

Dawson D, Goldstein R, Saha T, Grant B . Changes in alcohol consumption: United States, 2001-2002 to 2012-2013. Drug Alcohol Depend. 2015; 148:56-61. PMC: 4330106. DOI: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2014.12.016. View

11.

Fagenholz P, Fernandez-Del Castillo C, Harris N, Pelletier A, Camargo Jr C . Direct medical costs of acute pancreatitis hospitalizations in the United States. Pancreas. 2007; 35(4):302-7. DOI: 10.1097/MPA.0b013e3180cac24b. View

12.

Talamini G, Bassi C, Falconi M, Sartori N, Salvia R, Rigo L . Alcohol and smoking as risk factors in chronic pancreatitis and pancreatic cancer. Dig Dis Sci. 1999; 44(7):1303-11. DOI: 10.1023/a:1026670911955. View

13.

Caetano R, Kaskutas L . Changes in drinking patterns among whites, blacks and Hispanics, 1984-1992. J Stud Alcohol. 1995; 56(5):558-65. DOI: 10.15288/jsa.1995.56.558. View

14.

Maisonneuve P, Lowenfels A, Mullhaupt B, Cavallini G, Lankisch P, Andersen J . Cigarette smoking accelerates progression of alcoholic chronic pancreatitis. Gut. 2005; 54(4):510-4. PMC: 1774435. DOI: 10.1136/gut.2004.039263. View

15.

Holford T, Levy D, Meza R . Comparison of Smoking History Patterns Among African American and White Cohorts in the United States Born 1890 to 1990. Nicotine Tob Res. 2016; 18 Suppl 1:S16-29. PMC: 5009449. DOI: 10.1093/ntr/ntv274. View

16.

Shuja A, Rahman A, Skef W, Smotherman C, Guan J, Malespin M . A longitudinal analysis of the epidemiology and economic impact of inpatient admissions for chronic pancreatitis in the United States. Ann Gastroenterol. 2018; 31(4):499-505. PMC: 6033763. DOI: 10.20524/aog.2018.0262. View

17.

Nonnemaker J, Farrelly M . Smoking initiation among youth: the role of cigarette excise taxes and prices by race/ethnicity and gender. J Health Econ. 2011; 30(3):560-7. PMC: 3110587. DOI: 10.1016/j.jhealeco.2011.03.002. View

18.

Treutlein J, Kissling C, Frank J, Wiemann S, Dong L, Depner M . Genetic association of the human corticotropin releasing hormone receptor 1 (CRHR1) with binge drinking and alcohol intake patterns in two independent samples. Mol Psychiatry. 2006; 11(6):594-602. DOI: 10.1038/sj.mp.4001813. View

19.

Schoedel K, Hoffmann E, Rao Y, Sellers E, Tyndale R . Ethnic variation in CYP2A6 and association of genetically slow nicotine metabolism and smoking in adult Caucasians. Pharmacogenetics. 2004; 14(9):615-26. DOI: 10.1097/00008571-200409000-00006. View

20.

McKee P, Jones-Webb R, Hannan P, Pham L . Malt liquor marketing in inner cities: the role of neighborhood racial composition. J Ethn Subst Abuse. 2011; 10(1):24-38. DOI: 10.1080/15332640.2011.547793. View