Coinfection of Tuberculosis Pneumonia and COVID-19 in a Patient Vaccinated with Bacille Calmette-Guérin (BCG): Case Report

Overview

Journal SN Compr Clin Med

Specialty General Medicine

Date 2020 Oct 26

PMID 33103062

Citations 23

Authors

Michelangelo Luciani

Enrico Bentivegna

Valerio Spuntarelli

Piera Amoriello Lamberti

Ludovica Guerritore

Dario Chiappino

Gabriele Nalli

Maria Proietta

Flavia Del Porto

Paolo Martelletti

Giorgio Sesti

Affiliations

Soon will be listed here.

Abstract

COVID-19 is a respiratory tract infection caused by the new coronavirus SARS-COV2 that can be complicated by acute distress respiratory syndrome and multiorgan failure. In light of the high rate of mortality associated with COVID-19, pharmacological and non-pharmacological strategies to prevent the infection are currently being tested. Among non-pharmacological preventive measures, vaccines represent one of the main resources for public health. It has been suggested that Bacille Calmette-Guérin (BCG) vaccine may protect individuals against infection from COVID-19 virus, and two clinical trials addressing this question are underway. Here, we report the case of a 32-year-old woman, vaccinated with BCG when she was 1 year old, who was diagnosed with apical tuberculous pneumonia of the right lung along with COVID 19 pneumonia.

Citing Articles

The application value of cerebrospinal fluid immunoglobulin in tuberculous meningitis.

He H, Xu J, Peng Q, Li Y, Huang Y, Zhang Y Microbiol Spectr. 2024; 12(6):e0015724.

PMID: 38666897 PMC: 11237685. DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.00157-24.

An Echocardiographic Insight Into Post-COVID-19 Symptoms.

Flores R, Pires O, Alves J, Pereira V Cureus. 2023; 15(4):e38039.

PMID: 37228525 PMC: 10207971. DOI: 10.7759/cureus.38039.

COVID-19 and tuberculosis coinfection: An overview of case reports/case series and meta-analysis of prevalence studies.

Daneshvar P, Hajikhani B, Sameni F, Noorisepehr N, Zare F, Bostanshirin N Heliyon. 2023; 9(2):e13637.

PMID: 36789387 PMC: 9911156. DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e13637.

Clinical Outcomes of Individuals with COVID-19 and Tuberculosis during the Pre-Vaccination Period of the Pandemic: A Systematic Review.

Jhaveri T, Fung C, LaHood A, Lindeborg A, Zeng C, Rahman R J Clin Med. 2022; 11(19).

PMID: 36233523 PMC: 9570663. DOI: 10.3390/jcm11195656.

COVID-19 and Pulmonary Tuberculosis Coinfection in a Moroccan Patient with Pulmonary Embolism: A Case Report and Literature Review.

Zouaki I, Chahbi Z, Raiteb M, Zyani M Case Rep Infect Dis. 2022; 2022:1522876.

PMID: 35941998 PMC: 9356796. DOI: 10.1155/2022/1522876.

References

Arts R, Moorlag S, Novakovic B, Li Y, Wang S, Oosting M . BCG Vaccination Protects against Experimental Viral Infection in Humans through the Induction of Cytokines Associated with Trained Immunity. Cell Host Microbe. 2018; 23(1):89-100.e5. DOI: 10.1016/j.chom.2017.12.010. View

Roy A, Eisenhut M, Harris R, Rodrigues L, Sridhar S, Habermann S . Effect of BCG vaccination against Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection in children: systematic review and meta-analysis. BMJ. 2014; 349:g4643. PMC: 4122754. DOI: 10.1136/bmj.g4643. View

Pascarella G, Strumia A, Piliego C, Bruno F, Del Buono R, Costa F . COVID-19 diagnosis and management: a comprehensive review. J Intern Med. 2020; 288(2):192-206. PMC: 7267177. DOI: 10.1111/joim.13091. View

Bentivegna E, Sentimentale A, Luciani M, Speranza M, Guerritore L, Martelletti P . New IgM seroconversion and positive RT-PCR test after exposure to the virus in recovered COVID-19 patient. J Med Virol. 2020; 93(1):97-98. PMC: 7300757. DOI: 10.1002/jmv.26160. View

Hegarty P, Sfakianos J, Giannarini G, DiNardo A, Kamat A . COVID-19 and Bacillus Calmette-Guérin: What is the Link?. Eur Urol Oncol. 2020; 3(3):259-261. PMC: 7152883. DOI: 10.1016/j.euo.2020.04.001. View

Bentivegna E, Luciani M, Spuntarelli V, Speranza M, Guerritore L, Sentimentale A . Extremely Severe Case of COVID-19 Pneumonia Recovered Despite Bad Prognostic Indicators: a Didactic Report. SN Compr Clin Med. 2020; 2(8):1204-1207. PMC: 7324074. DOI: 10.1007/s42399-020-00383-0. View

Wardhana , Datau E, Sultana A, Mandang V, Jim E . The efficacy of Bacillus Calmette-Guerin vaccinations for the prevention of acute upper respiratory tract infection in the elderly. Acta Med Indones. 2011; 43(3):185-90. View

ONeill L, Netea M . BCG-induced trained immunity: can it offer protection against COVID-19?. Nat Rev Immunol. 2020; 20(6):335-337. PMC: 7212510. DOI: 10.1038/s41577-020-0337-y. View

Kleinnijenhuis J, Quintin J, Preijers F, Joosten L, Ifrim D, Saeed S . Bacille Calmette-Guerin induces NOD2-dependent nonspecific protection from reinfection via epigenetic reprogramming of monocytes. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2012; 109(43):17537-42. PMC: 3491454. DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1202870109. View

10.

Martin C, Aguilo N, Gonzalo-Asensio J . Vaccination against tuberculosis. Enferm Infecc Microbiol Clin (Engl Ed). 2018; 36(10):648-656. DOI: 10.1016/j.eimc.2018.02.006. View

11.

Covian C, Retamal-Diaz A, Bueno S, Kalergis A . Could BCG Vaccination Induce Protective Trained Immunity for SARS-CoV-2?. Front Immunol. 2020; 11:970. PMC: 7227382. DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.00970. View

12.

He G, Wu J, Shi J, Dai J, Gamber M, Jiang X . COVID-19 in tuberculosis patients: A report of three cases. J Med Virol. 2020; 92(10):1802-1806. PMC: 7267258. DOI: 10.1002/jmv.25943. View

13.

Kleinnijenhuis J, Quintin J, Preijers F, Joosten L, Jacobs C, Xavier R . BCG-induced trained immunity in NK cells: Role for non-specific protection to infection. Clin Immunol. 2014; 155(2):213-9. PMC: 5084088. DOI: 10.1016/j.clim.2014.10.005. View

14.

Shann F . The non-specific effects of vaccines. Arch Dis Child. 2010; 95(9):662-7. DOI: 10.1136/adc.2009.157537. View

15.

Stensballe L, Nante E, Jensen I, Kofoed P, Poulsen A, Jensen H . Acute lower respiratory tract infections and respiratory syncytial virus in infants in Guinea-Bissau: a beneficial effect of BCG vaccination for girls community based case-control study. Vaccine. 2005; 23(10):1251-7. DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2004.09.006. View

16.

Zhu N, Zhang D, Wang W, Li X, Yang B, Song J . A Novel Coronavirus from Patients with Pneumonia in China, 2019. N Engl J Med. 2020; 382(8):727-733. PMC: 7092803. DOI: 10.1056/NEJMoa2001017. View