A Marine Teleost, Opsanus Beta, Compensates Acidosis in Hypersaline Water by H Excretion or Reduced HCO Excretion Rather Than HCO Uptake

Increases in ambient salinity demand parallel increases in intestinal base secretion for maintenance of osmoregulatory status, which is likely the cause of a transient acidosis following transfer of euryhaline fish from freshwater to seawater. It was predicted that transfer of the marine Gulf toadfish (Opsanus beta) from seawater (35 ppt) to hypersaline (60 ppt) seawater (HSW) would lead to a transient acidosis that would be compensated by increases in branchial acid excretion to offset the acid-base disturbance. Toadfish exposed to HSW showed a significant decrease in blood pH and [HCO] but no increase in pCO, followed by a full recovery after 48-96 h. A similar metabolic acidosis and recovery was found when fish were exposed to 60-ppt HCO-free seawater (HEPES-buffered), which may suggest that compensation for intestinal base loss during hypersaline treatment is from gill H excretion rather than gill HCO uptake. However, we cannot rule out that reduced branchial HCO excretion contributed to an increase in net acid excretion. Since colchicine prevents full compensation, translocation of H and/or HCO transporters between cytosolic compartments and plasma membrane fractions might be involved in compensating for the hypersalinity-induced acidosis. Translocation of transporters rather than de novo synthesis may represent a faster and less energetically demanding response to rapidly fluctuating and high salinities encountered by toadfish in their natural environment.