Opioid-Mediated HIV-1 Immunopathogenesis

Overview

Journal J Neuroimmune Pharmacol

Specialties Allergy & Immunology
Neurology
Pharmacology

Date 2020 Oct 8

PMID 33029670

Citations 10

Authors

Shilpa Buch

Palsamy Periyasamy

Annadurai Thangaraj

Susmita Sil

Ernest T Chivero

Ashutosh Tripathi

Affiliations

Soon will be listed here.

Abstract

Despite the ability of combination antiretroviral therapy to dramatically suppress viremia, the brain continues to be a reservoir of HIV-1 low-level replication. Adding further complexity to this is the comorbidity of drug abuse with HIV-1 associated neurocognitive disorders and neuroHIV. Among several abused drugs, the use of opiates is highly prevalent in HIV-1 infected individuals, both as an abused drug as well as for pain management. Opioids and their receptors have attained notable attention owing to their ability to modulate immune functions, in turn, impacting disease progression. Various cell culture, animal and human studies have implicated the role of opioids and their receptors in modulating viral replication and virus-mediated pathology both positively and negatively. Further, the combinatorial effects of HIV-1/HIV-1 proteins and morphine have demonstrated activation of inflammatory signaling in the host system. Herein, we summarized the current knowledge on the role of opioids on peripheral immunopathogenesis, viral immunopathogenesis, epigenetic profiles of the host and viral genome, neuropathogenesis of SIV/SHIV-infected non-human primates, blood-brain-barrier, HIV-1 viral latency, and viral rebound. Overall, this review provides recent insights into the role of opioids in HIV-1 immunopathogenesis. Graphical abstract.

Citing Articles

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A Perfect Storm: The Convergence of Aging, Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection, and Inflammasome Dysregulation.

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Role of Dysregulated Autophagy in HIV Tat, Cocaine, and cART Mediated NLRP3 Activation in Microglia.

Singh S, Thangaraj A, Chivero E, Guo M, Periyasamy P, Buch S J Neuroimmune Pharmacol. 2023; 18(3):327-347.

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