Importance of Dietary Changes During the Coronavirus Pandemic: How to Upgrade Your Immune Response

Overview

Journal Front Public Health

Specialty Public Health

Date 2020 Sep 28

PMID 32984253

Citations 22

Authors

Ali Chaari

Ghizlane Bendriss

Dalia Zakaria

Clare McVeigh

Affiliations

Soon will be listed here.

Abstract

The new coronavirus pandemic continues to spread causing further public health, social, and economic issues. The disparities in the rates of death between countries poses questions about the importance of lifestyle habits and the immune status of populations. An exploration of dietary habits and COVID-19-related death might unravel associations between these two variables. Indeed, while both nutritional excess and deficiency are associated with immunodeficiency, adequate nutrition leading to an optimally functioning immune system may be associated with better outcomes with regards to preventing infection and complications of COVID-19, as well as developing a better immune response to other pathogenic viruses and microorganisms. This article outlines the key functions of the immune system and how macronutrients, micronutrients, and metabolites from the gut microbiome can be essential in the development of an efficient immune system. In addition, the effects of intermittent fasting on the inflammatory state as well as metabolic parameters will be discussed.

Citing Articles

Intermittent Fasting and Probiotics: Synergistic Modulation of Gut Health for Therapeutic Advantages.

Shehbaz A, Afzaal M, Akram N, Saeed F, Khan W, Ahmed F Probiotics Antimicrob Proteins. 2024; 17(1):479-486.

PMID: 39261391 DOI: 10.1007/s12602-024-10358-5.

Relationship Between Dairy Intake and Hospitalization Risk and Disease Severity in Patients With COVID-19.

Abbas-Hashemi S, Yari Z, Soltanieh S, Salavatizadeh M, Karimi S, Ardestani S Clin Nutr Res. 2023; 12(4):283-292.

PMID: 37969942 PMC: 10641327. DOI: 10.7762/cnr.2023.12.4.283.

The association between macronutrient intakes and coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in an Iranian population: applying a dynamical system model.

Ghiasi Hafezi S, Seifi N, Bahari H, Mohammadi M, Ghasemabadi A, Ferns G J Health Popul Nutr. 2023; 42(1):114.

PMID: 37884984 PMC: 10601229. DOI: 10.1186/s41043-023-00448-5.

Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Pandemic Lifestyle Changes May Have Influenced Small Bowel Microbial Composition and Microbial Resistance.

Hosseini A, Rashid M, Leite G, Barlow G, Parodi G, Sanchez M Dig Dis Sci. 2023; 68(10):3902-3912.

PMID: 37578565 PMC: 10516792. DOI: 10.1007/s10620-023-08061-6.

The association of dietary approach to stop hypertension (DASH) diet with hospitalization risk in patients with COVID-19.

Zamanian A, Yari Z, Soltanieh S, Salavatizadeh M, Karimi S, Ardestani S Clin Nutr Open Sci. 2023; 48:55-63.

PMID: 36922984 PMC: 9985538. DOI: 10.1016/j.nutos.2023.02.001.

References

Besold A, Culbertson E, Culotta V . The Yin and Yang of copper during infection. J Biol Inorg Chem. 2016; 21(2):137-44. PMC: 5535265. DOI: 10.1007/s00775-016-1335-1. View

Wu Z, McGoogan J . Characteristics of and Important Lessons From the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Outbreak in China: Summary of a Report of 72 314 Cases From the Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention. JAMA. 2020; 323(13):1239-1242. DOI: 10.1001/jama.2020.2648. View

Lawlor K, Campbell I, Metcalf D, ODonnell K, Van Nieuwenhuijze A, Roberts A . Critical role for granulocyte colony-stimulating factor in inflammatory arthritis. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2004; 101(31):11398-403. PMC: 509212. DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0404328101. View

Guillin O, Vindry C, Ohlmann T, Chavatte L . Selenium, Selenoproteins and Viral Infection. Nutrients. 2019; 11(9). PMC: 6769590. DOI: 10.3390/nu11092101. View

Brugliera L, Spina A, Castellazzi P, Cimino P, Arcuri P, Negro A . Nutritional management of COVID-19 patients in a rehabilitation unit. Eur J Clin Nutr. 2020; 74(6):860-863. PMC: 7237874. DOI: 10.1038/s41430-020-0664-x. View

Zhou P, Yang X, Wang X, Hu B, Zhang L, Zhang W . A pneumonia outbreak associated with a new coronavirus of probable bat origin. Nature. 2020; 579(7798):270-273. PMC: 7095418. DOI: 10.1038/s41586-020-2012-7. View

Wrapp D, Wang N, Corbett K, Goldsmith J, Hsieh C, Abiona O . Cryo-EM structure of the 2019-nCoV spike in the prefusion conformation. Science. 2020; 367(6483):1260-1263. PMC: 7164637. DOI: 10.1126/science.abb2507. View

Yakoob M, Theodoratou E, Jabeen A, Imdad A, Eisele T, Ferguson J . Preventive zinc supplementation in developing countries: impact on mortality and morbidity due to diarrhea, pneumonia and malaria. BMC Public Health. 2011; 11 Suppl 3:S23. PMC: 3231897. DOI: 10.1186/1471-2458-11-S3-S23. View

Tay M, Wiehe K, Pollara J . Antibody-Dependent Cellular Phagocytosis in Antiviral Immune Responses. Front Immunol. 2019; 10:332. PMC: 6404786. DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.00332. View

10.

Ma W, Yao X, Peng Q, Chen D . The protective and pathogenic roles of IL-17 in viral infections: friend or foe?. Open Biol. 2019; 9(7):190109. PMC: 6685926. DOI: 10.1098/rsob.190109. View

11.

Schoggins J, Wilson S, Panis M, Murphy M, Jones C, Bieniasz P . A diverse range of gene products are effectors of the type I interferon antiviral response. Nature. 2011; 472(7344):481-5. PMC: 3409588. DOI: 10.1038/nature09907. View

12.

Nelemans T, Kikkert M . Viral Innate Immune Evasion and the Pathogenesis of Emerging RNA Virus Infections. Viruses. 2019; 11(10). PMC: 6832425. DOI: 10.3390/v11100961. View

13.

Maggini S, Wintergerst E, Beveridge S, Hornig D . Selected vitamins and trace elements support immune function by strengthening epithelial barriers and cellular and humoral immune responses. Br J Nutr. 2007; 98 Suppl 1:S29-35. DOI: 10.1017/S0007114507832971. View

14.

Schoggins J, Rice C . Interferon-stimulated genes and their antiviral effector functions. Curr Opin Virol. 2012; 1(6):519-25. PMC: 3274382. DOI: 10.1016/j.coviro.2011.10.008. View

15.

Guarner J . Three Emerging Coronaviruses in Two Decades. Am J Clin Pathol. 2020; 153(4):420-421. PMC: 7109697. DOI: 10.1093/ajcp/aqaa029. View

16.

Lu R, Zhao X, Li J, Niu P, Yang B, Wu H . Genomic characterisation and epidemiology of 2019 novel coronavirus: implications for virus origins and receptor binding. Lancet. 2020; 395(10224):565-574. PMC: 7159086. DOI: 10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30251-8. View

17.

Zhang J, Wang X, Jia X, Li J, Hu K, Chen G . Risk factors for disease severity, unimprovement, and mortality in COVID-19 patients in Wuhan, China. Clin Microbiol Infect. 2020; 26(6):767-772. PMC: 7159868. DOI: 10.1016/j.cmi.2020.04.012. View

18.

Chan J, Lau S, To K, Cheng V, Woo P, Yuen K . Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus: another zoonotic betacoronavirus causing SARS-like disease. Clin Microbiol Rev. 2015; 28(2):465-522. PMC: 4402954. DOI: 10.1128/CMR.00102-14. View

19.

Lee Y, Lee T . Enhancement in ex vivo phagocytic capacity of peritoneal leukocytes in mice by oral delivery of various lactic-acid-producing bacteria. Curr Microbiol. 2005; 50(1):24-7. DOI: 10.1007/s00284-004-4377-5. View

20.

Trottier M, Naaz A, Li Y, Fraker P . Enhancement of hematopoiesis and lymphopoiesis in diet-induced obese mice. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2012; 109(20):7622-9. PMC: 3356670. DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1205129109. View