Effects of Lactose-Restricted Regimen in Breastfeeding Children with Acute Diarrhea

Background: Acute diarrhea is a major cause of mortality in children. Few studies have addressed the administration of lactose-restricted diets in breastfed children with acute diarrhea. The present study was conducted to investigate the effects of a lactose-restricted regimen on breastfed children with acute diarrhea treated with zinc supplements.

Methods: The present single-blind randomized clinical trial was conducted on children aged 6-24 months in Amirkola Children's Hospital (2015-2017). 90 children were randomly assigned to two groups. Group A was daily treated with 20 mg of zinc and a lactose-restricted diet and breast milk for two weeks. Group B received 20 mg of zinc and breast milk and an age-appropriate diet for two weeks. The data collected in all the subjects included the frequency of diarrhea and the mean duration of hospitalization and recovery from diarrhea.

Results: The two groups were not significantly different in terms of mean age, weight and ratio of males to females. The mean duration of hospitalization was found to be 3.1 ± 0.8 days in group A and 3.2 ± 0.6 in group B ( = 0.3), the mean duration of recovery to be 2.9 ± 0.8 in group A and 2.6 ± 1.1 in group B ( = 0.2) and the mean frequency of diarrhea 2.9 ± 0.7 in group A and 2.8 ± 0.8 days in group B ( = 0.5), suggesting no significant differences between the two groups. No adverse effects associated with zinc therapy were reported.

Conclusions: A lactose-restricted regimen was found not to be beneficial for children with acute diarrhea under continuous breastfeeding and zinc therapy.