Animal Models of Spinal Injury for Studying Back Pain and SCI

Overview

Journal J Clin Orthop Trauma

Specialty Orthopedics

Date 2020 Sep 9

PMID 32904094

Citations 4

Authors

Shakti A Goel

Vicky Varghese

Tyfik Demir

Affiliations

Soon will be listed here.

Abstract

Introduction: Back pain is a common ailment affecting individuals around the globe. Animal models to understand the back pain mechanism, treatment modalities, and spinal cord injury are widely researched topics worldwide. Despite the presence of several animal models on disc degeneration and Spinal Cord Injury, there is a lack of a comprehensive review.

Material And Method: A methodological narrative literature review was carried out for the study. A total of 1273 publications were found, out of which 763 were related to spine surgery in animals. The literature with full-text availability was selected for the review. Scale for the Assessment of Narrative Review Articles (SANRA) guidelines was used to assess the studies. Only English language publications were included which were listed on PubMed. A total of 113 studies were shortlisted (1976-2019) after internal validation scoring.

Result: The animal models for spine surgery ranged from rodents to primates. These are used to study the mechanisms of back pain as well as spinal cord injuries. The models could either be created surgically or through various means like use of electric cautery, chemicals or trauma. Genetic spine models have also been documented in which the injuries are created by genetic alterations and knock outs. Though the dorsal approach is the most common, the literature also mentions the anterior and lateral approach for spine surgery animal experiments.

Conclusion: There are no single perfect animal models to represent and study human models. The selection is based on the application and the methodology. Careful selection is needed to give optimum and appropriate results.

Citing Articles

Mechanical Characterization of Non-degraded Porcine Annulus Fibrosus Material Properties.

Seifert J, Maiman D, Frazer L, Shah A, Yoganandan N, King K Ann Biomed Eng. 2024; .

PMID: 39499364 DOI: 10.1007/s10439-024-03629-3.

Preclinical in vivo animal models of intervertebral disc degeneration. Part 1: A systematic review.

Poletto D, Crowley J, Tanglay O, Walsh W, Pelletier M JOR Spine. 2023; 6(1):e1234.

PMID: 36994459 PMC: 10041387. DOI: 10.1002/jsp2.1234.

Controversies in spine research: Organ culture versus in vivo models for studies of the intervertebral disc.

Tang S, Bonilla A, Chahine N, Colbath A, Easley J, Grad S JOR Spine. 2023; 5(4):e1235.

PMID: 36601369 PMC: 9799089. DOI: 10.1002/jsp2.1235.

A systematic review of porcine models in translational pain research.

Meijs S, Schmelz M, Meilin S, Jensen W Lab Anim (NY). 2021; 50(11):313-326.

PMID: 34650279 DOI: 10.1038/s41684-021-00862-4.

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