Global, Regional, and National Burden and Trend of Diabetes in 195 Countries and Territories: an Analysis from 1990 to 2025

Overview

Journal Sci Rep

Specialty Science

Date 2020 Sep 9

PMID 32901098

Citations 643

Authors

Xiling Lin

Yufeng Xu

Xiaowen Pan

Jingya Xu

Yue Ding

Xue Sun

Xiaoxiao Song

Yuezhong Ren

Peng-Fei Shan

Affiliations

Soon will be listed here.

Abstract

Diabetes mellitus is a leading cause of mortality and reduced life expectancy. We aim to estimate the burden of diabetes by type, year, regions, and socioeconomic status in 195 countries and territories over the past 28 years, which provide information to achieve the goal of World Health Organization Global Action Plan for the Prevention and Control of Noncommunicable Diseases in 2025. Data were obtained from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017. Overall, the global burden of diabetes had increased significantly since 1990. Both the trend and magnitude of diabetes related diseases burden varied substantially across regions and countries. In 2017, global incidence, prevalence, death, and disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) associated with diabetes were 22.9 million, 476.0 million, 1.37 million, and 67.9 million, with a projection to 26.6 million, 570.9 million, 1.59 million, and 79.3 million in 2025, respectively. The trend of global type 2 diabetes burden was similar to that of total diabetes (including type 1 diabetes and type 2 diabetes), while global age-standardized rate of mortality and DALYs for type 1 diabetes declined. Globally, metabolic risks (high BMI) and behavioral factors (inappropriate diet, smoking, and low physical activity) contributed the most attributable death and DALYs of diabetes. These estimations could be useful in policy-making, priority setting, and resource allocation in diabetes prevention and treatment.

Citing Articles

Translating Evidence for a Mediterranean-Style Dietary Pattern into Routine Care for Coronary Heart Disease and Type 2 Diabetes: Implementation and Evaluation in a Targeted Public Health Service in Australia.

Mayr H, Hayes L, Wang W, Murray E, Kelly J, Palmer M Healthcare (Basel). 2025; 13(5).

PMID: 40077068 PMC: 11898626. DOI: 10.3390/healthcare13050506.

Investigation of fractional order model for glucose-insulin monitoring with PID and controllability.

Nisar K, Farman M Sci Rep. 2025; 15(1):8128.

PMID: 40057548 PMC: 11890625. DOI: 10.1038/s41598-025-91231-5.

Investigating whether smoking and alcohol behaviours influence risk of type 2 diabetes using a Mendelian randomisation study.

Reed Z, Sallis H, Richmond R, Attwood A, Lawlor D, Munafo M Sci Rep. 2025; 15(1):7985.

PMID: 40055374 PMC: 11889105. DOI: 10.1038/s41598-025-90437-x.

Antidiabetic Effects and Mechanisms of Action of Uncaria gambir Roxb. in Diabetic Sprague-Dawley Rats.

Fajarwati I, Solihin D, Wresdiyati T, Batubara I, Mariya S J Am Assoc Lab Anim Sci. 2025; 64(1):35-43.

PMID: 40035273 PMC: 11808383. DOI: 10.30802/AALAS-JAALAS-24-117.

Risk and impact of stroke across 38 countries and territories of the Americas from 1990 to 2021: a population-based trends analysis from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021.

Martinez R, Munoz-Venturelli P, Ordunez P, Fregni F, Abanto C, Alet M Lancet Reg Health Am. 2025; 43:101017.

PMID: 40034838 PMC: 11872609. DOI: 10.1016/j.lana.2025.101017.

References

. Global, regional, and national age-sex-specific mortality for 282 causes of death in 195 countries and territories, 1980-2017: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017. Lancet. 2018; 392(10159):1736-1788. PMC: 6227606. DOI: 10.1016/S0140-6736(18)32203-7. View

Chen H, Chen G, Zheng X, Guo Y . Contribution of specific diseases and injuries to changes in health adjusted life expectancy in 187 countries from 1990 to 2013: retrospective observational study. BMJ. 2019; 364:l969. PMC: 6435998. DOI: 10.1136/bmj.l969. View

Patterson C, Harjutsalo V, Rosenbauer J, Neu A, Cinek O, Skrivarhaug T . Trends and cyclical variation in the incidence of childhood type 1 diabetes in 26 European centres in the 25 year period 1989-2013: a multicentre prospective registration study. Diabetologia. 2018; 62(3):408-417. DOI: 10.1007/s00125-018-4763-3. View

Weng J, Li Y, Xu W, Shi L, Zhang Q, Zhu D . Effect of intensive insulin therapy on beta-cell function and glycaemic control in patients with newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes: a multicentre randomised parallel-group trial. Lancet. 2008; 371(9626):1753-60. DOI: 10.1016/S0140-6736(08)60762-X. View

Ou H, Yang C, Wang J, Hwang J, Wu J . Life Expectancy and Lifetime Health Care Expenditures for Type 1 Diabetes: A Nationwide Longitudinal Cohort of Incident Cases Followed for 14 Years. Value Health. 2016; 19(8):976-984. DOI: 10.1016/j.jval.2016.05.017. View

Longtin Y, Paquet-Bolduc B, Gilca R, Garenc C, Fortin E, Longtin J . Effect of Detecting and Isolating Clostridium difficile Carriers at Hospital Admission on the Incidence of C difficile Infections: A Quasi-Experimental Controlled Study. JAMA Intern Med. 2016; 176(6):796-804. DOI: 10.1001/jamainternmed.2016.0177. View

. Diabetes mellitus and chronic kidney disease in the Eastern Mediterranean Region: findings from the Global Burden of Disease 2015 study. Int J Public Health. 2017; 63(Suppl 1):177-186. PMC: 5973961. DOI: 10.1007/s00038-017-1014-1. View

. The increasing burden of diabetes and variations among the states of India: the Global Burden of Disease Study 1990-2016. Lancet Glob Health. 2018; 6(12):e1352-e1362. PMC: 6227383. DOI: 10.1016/S2214-109X(18)30387-5. View

Read S, Fischbacher C, Colhoun H, Gasevic D, Kerssens J, McAllister D . Trends in incidence and case fatality of acute myocardial infarction, angina and coronary revascularisation in people with and without type 2 diabetes in Scotland between 2006 and 2015. Diabetologia. 2019; 62(3):418-425. PMC: 7019674. DOI: 10.1007/s00125-018-4796-7. View

10.

Liu M, Liu S, Wang L, Bai Y, Zeng X, Guo H . Burden of diabetes, hyperglycaemia in China from to 2016: Findings from the 1990 to 2016, global burden of disease study. Diabetes Metab. 2018; 45(3):286-293. DOI: 10.1016/j.diabet.2018.08.008. View

11.

Foreman K, Marquez N, Dolgert A, Fukutaki K, Fullman N, McGaughey M . Forecasting life expectancy, years of life lost, and all-cause and cause-specific mortality for 250 causes of death: reference and alternative scenarios for 2016-40 for 195 countries and territories. Lancet. 2018; 392(10159):2052-2090. PMC: 6227505. DOI: 10.1016/S0140-6736(18)31694-5. View

12.

Livingstone S, Levin D, Looker H, Lindsay R, Wild S, Joss N . Estimated life expectancy in a Scottish cohort with type 1 diabetes, 2008-2010. JAMA. 2015; 313(1):37-44. PMC: 4426486. DOI: 10.1001/jama.2014.16425. View

13.

Roze S, de Portu S, Smith-Palmer J, Delbaere A, Valentine W, Ridderstrale M . Cost-effectiveness of sensor-augmented pump therapy versus standard insulin pump therapy in patients with type 1 diabetes in Denmark. Diabetes Res Clin Pract. 2017; 128:6-14. DOI: 10.1016/j.diabres.2017.02.009. View

14.

Borch-Johnsen K . Improving prognosis of type 1 diabetes. Mortality, accidents, and impact on insurance. Diabetes Care. 1999; 22 Suppl 2:B1-3. View

15.

Petrie D, Lung T, Rawshani A, Palmer A, Svensson A, Eliasson B . Recent trends in life expectancy for people with type 1 diabetes in Sweden. Diabetologia. 2016; 59(6):1167-76. DOI: 10.1007/s00125-016-3914-7. View

16.

Kautzky-Willer A, Harreiter J, Pacini G . Sex and Gender Differences in Risk, Pathophysiology and Complications of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. Endocr Rev. 2016; 37(3):278-316. PMC: 4890267. DOI: 10.1210/er.2015-1137. View

17.

Rajagopalan S, Brook R . Air pollution and type 2 diabetes: mechanistic insights. Diabetes. 2012; 61(12):3037-45. PMC: 3501850. DOI: 10.2337/db12-0190. View

18.

Bragg F, Holmes M, Iona A, Guo Y, Du H, Chen Y . Association Between Diabetes and Cause-Specific Mortality in Rural and Urban Areas of China. JAMA. 2017; 317(3):280-289. PMC: 6520233. DOI: 10.1001/jama.2016.19720. View

19.

Popkin B, Adair L, Ng S . Global nutrition transition and the pandemic of obesity in developing countries. Nutr Rev. 2012; 70(1):3-21. PMC: 3257829. DOI: 10.1111/j.1753-4887.2011.00456.x. View

20.

Lean M, Leslie W, Barnes A, Brosnahan N, Thom G, McCombie L . Primary care-led weight management for remission of type 2 diabetes (DiRECT): an open-label, cluster-randomised trial. Lancet. 2017; 391(10120):541-551. DOI: 10.1016/S0140-6736(17)33102-1. View