Molecular and Functional Characterization of Somatostatin-type Signalling in a Deuterostome Invertebrate

Overview

Journal Open Biol

Specialties Biology
Cell Biology
Molecular Biology

Date 2020 Sep 8

PMID 32898470

Citations 18

Authors

Ya Zhang

Luis Alfonso Yanez Guerra

Michaela Egertova

Cleidiane G Zampronio

Alexandra M Jones

Maurice R Elphick

Affiliations

Soon will be listed here.

Abstract

Somatostatin (SS) and allatostatin-C (ASTC) are structurally and evolutionarily related neuropeptides that act as inhibitory regulators of physiological processes in mammals and insects, respectively. Here, we report the first molecular and functional characterization of SS/ASTC-type signalling in a deuterostome invertebrate-the starfish (phylum Echinodermata). Two SS/ASTC-type precursors were identified in (ArSSP1 and ArSSP2) and the structures of neuropeptides derived from these proteins (ArSS1 and ArSS2) were analysed using mass spectrometry. Pharmacological characterization of three cloned SS/ASTC-type receptors (ArSSR1-3) revealed that ArSS2, but not ArSS1, acts as a ligand for all three receptors. Analysis of ArSS2 expression in using mRNA hybridization and immunohistochemistry revealed stained cells/fibres in the central nervous system, the digestive system (e.g. cardiac stomach) and the body wall and its appendages (e.g. tube feet). Furthermore, pharmacological tests revealed that ArSS2 causes dose-dependent relaxation of tube foot and cardiac stomach preparations, while injection of ArSS2 causes partial eversion of the cardiac stomach. Our findings provide new insights into the molecular evolution of SS/ASTC-type signalling in the animal kingdom and reveal an ancient role of SS-type neuropeptides as inhibitory regulators of muscle contractility.

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