Radiographic Osteoporotic Vertebral Fractures in Elderly Men: a Brief Review Focusing on Differences Between the Sexes

Bone loss occurs in both sexes as a result of ageing but is exacerbated in women by the hormonal changes associated with menopause. Unlike in women, secondary osteoporosis occurs in almost half of men diagnosed with osteoporosis. Moreover, vertebral fractures (VFs) seen in elderly men may more likely be the result of high energy trauma. The osteoporotic vertebral fracture (OVF) radiograph diagnosis criteria for women may not be directly applicable for men. Particular attention should be paid to the mid-thoracic level where over-diagnosis commonly occurs. For wedge-shaped vertebral deformities (VDs) or VDs with anterior height reduction only, a diagnosis of OVF requires great caution, as they are poorly correlated to bone mineral density (BMD). For age-matched subjects, it is likely that elderly men's prevalent radiographic OVFs are approximately half of the elderly women's. This male-female ratio is very similar to other clinical fractures such as those occurring at the hip. Even so, the clinical relevance of OVF in elderly men may be less than that of elderly women. On the other hand, for elderly men with hip BMD-based osteoporosis, the OVF risk is as high as that of osteoporotic women. Elderly Chinese men have a lower OVF prevalence than age-matched Caucasian men.