Composition of Hemidesmosomes in Basal Keratinocytes of Normal Buccal Mucosa and Oral Lichen Planus

Oral lichen planus (OLP) is a chronic inflammatory disease displaying ultrastructural disturbances in epithelial hemidesmosomes. The expression of several key hemidesmosomal components in OLP as well as in normal buccal mucosa is, however, unknown. The aim of the study was therefore to examine intracellular and extracellular components involved in hemidesmosomal attachment, in OLP (n = 20) and in normal buccal mucosa (n = 10), by immunofluorescence. In normal buccal mucosa, laminin-α3γ2, integrin-α6β4, CD151, collagen α-1(XVII) chain, and dystonin showed linear expression along the basal membrane, indicating the presence of type I hemidesmosomes. Plectin stained most epithelial cell membranes and remained unphosphorylated at S4642. In OLP, most hemidesmosomal molecules examined showed disturbed expression consisting of discontinuous increases, apicolateral location, and/or intracellular accumulation. Plectin showed S4642-phosphorylation at the basement membrane, and deposits of laminin-α3 and laminin-γ2 were found within the connective tissue. The disturbed expression of hemidesmosomal proteins in OLP indicates deficient attachment of the basal cell layer, which can contribute to detachment and cell death of basal keratinocytes seen in the disease.